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why I the global demand for water rising ? - Coggle Diagram
why I the global demand for water rising ?
population growth
Rising population
Everyone needs water in order to survive. Water makes up at least 60% of a person’s bodyweight and it is needed for all bodily functions. People also use water for hygiene, cooking and cleaning. The population of the world is increasing, but there is only a fixed amount of fresh water available for us to use.
temperature increase / global warming
higher expectation in hygen
economic development
Economic development
As countries develop, their water use increases. People in wealthier nations have water delivered into their homes via pipeline. Modern appliances, such as dishwashers and washing machines, use a lot of water. Commercial agriculture, industry and tourism in high income countries (HICs) consume vast quantities of water too. The water footprint of HICs is much higher than low income countries (LICs). As more countries develop, the demands on water will increase.
change in concumption patterns
lack of natral production
industry
america
china
develping world
agraculture
LIC / Low Income Contrys
soical well being
we expect a greater standard of living
showering
ponds
padling pools
dishwasher
bath
torisume
spain
hotels with swimming pools
genral water use
95% sea water
2.5% of this 2/3s is locked up in glacers
Dams used to even out the spread of water per year
desalination plant
desalination plants
Colocated Plants: In this approach, a desalination plant is colocated with a power plant in a coastal area where the power plant draws seawater to be used as cooling water. The desalination plant uses heated seawater from the power plant's cooling water loop as feedwater, which requires less energy for desalination
Dams
A dam is a structure built across a stream or river to hold water back. Dams can be used to store water, control flooding, and generate electricity.
water acsess
Of all the water that exists on our planet, roughly 97% is saltwater and less than 3% is freshwater. Most of Earth's freshwater is frozen in glaciers, ice caps, or is deep underground in aquifers.
what are the reasons for poor water supply ?
Climate
Low levels of rainfall and high temperatures lead to water deficits. When rainfall is low, there is less water available. When temperatures are high, water evaporates and so there is less available to use. Water surpluses are common where rainfall is high and temperatures are lower.
Geology
Rainfall flows down to the rocks beneath the ground. Some rocks are permeable and allow water to flow through them. Permeable rocks can lead to less surface water. For example, limestone landscapes often have dry rivers - the rivers only exist when rain has just fallen. Permeable rocks form aquifers, which mean they are stores of water. 70 per cent of the water supply in the south east of England comes from the chalk aquifer beneath the surface. Other rocks are impermeable. These rocks do not hold water, but they can trap it in the layers above.
Pollution
Some places have plenty of water, but pollution has made it unsafe to use. Untreated sewage and waste water from factories cause problems. Groundwater is usually cleaner, although pollutants can travel down into the ground. Gold mining near Johannesburg, South Africa, has led to uranium, arsenic and sulphuric acid polluting streams and rivers.
Over-abstraction
When water is taken from aquifers, groundwater levels fall. If the amount of water taken is greater than the amount of water falling as rain, it is called over-abstraction. The Sonoran Desert in Arizona has experienced over-abstraction as water is taken for irrigation and urbanisation. The land here is subsiding and water is becoming scarcer.
Limited infrastructures
Pipelines are needed to safely move water from place to place. Sealed pipes reduce the potential for leaks and pollution. Some places do not have these pipes in place. They can be expensive to lay as they need to be buried underground. Water pumps also form part of the water infrastructure. Water pumps in villages across Kenya were recently fitted with transmitters that send text messages if the devices break down.
Poverty
Nearly 1 billion people in Africa do not have access to clean, safe water. This locks them in a cycle of poverty - they cannot afford water so they become ill and when they become ill then cannot work and earn money.
polotics
Communication needs to take place within countries and across borders. There needs to be cooperation between states for the use of water resources that cross international borders. If, for example, water is polluted in one country then this will affect all other countries downstream.
Water politics, sometimes called hydropolitics, is politics affected by the availability of water resources. The River Nile, for example, is the primary water source for both Egypt and Sudan. The Nile is classed as an international river and flows through nine countries before reaching the Mediterranean Sea.
what are the impacts of water insecurety ?
description
Impacts of water insecurity
Water security is when people (the entire population of a country) has sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptably clean water. Most people in developed countries have water security whereas some developing countries do not have the infrastructure to provide clean water and supply it to their entire population.
There are several impacts of water insecurity. Some of these impacts are linked in a cycle of poverty.
impacts
Disruption of education. - Water insecurity means that many girls living in some rural areas of developing countries can spend hours walking to collect water rather than attending school.
Waterborne disease. - Drinking or using dirty water puts people at risk of waterborne diseases and illnesses, such as diarrhoea, malaria and schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic worm that enters the body through the skin coming into contact with water that contains untreated sewage. It has been reported in 78 countries and 90% of people receiving treatment for it live in Africa.
Food production. - Water insecurity can lead to lower levels of food production. Irrigation can increase crop yields by as much as 400%. Places that do not have enough water to irrigate crops have less food to eat.
Industrial output. - Industry needs water for all stages of production. Water is used as a raw material, a coolant, a method of transport, and in some cases a source of energy. Areas that experience water insecurity are unable to operate factories and make products. This leaves them relying on imports, which may be expensive.
Conflicts. - Water is a source of conflict in some parts of the world. Seizing dams is a powerful way of controlling water and electricity supplies.
