Sociology 20 marker
Aid
Trade
Industrialisation
Urbanisation
The environment
War and conflict
Dependency theory
Modernisation theory
Dependency theory
Modernisation Theory
Dependency theory
Modernisation theory
the process by which a growing proportion of people live in towns and cities – and the economic, political and social changes that accompany it
Dependency theory
Modernisation Theory
Bello (2015): Speed and depth of industrialisation, and the variety in manufacturing are the best measurements of development
Developing countries need to move away from protectionist/interventionist
Rostow: Developing countries need help from the west in forms of aid and TNCs in order to develop
Hoogvelt (2001) industrialisation is a postivive thing but it mainly benefits the west
Export processing zones: areas where TNCs are encouraged to build factories, the are places with very low regulation
As colonies became independent (50s->) they were encouraged to industrialise through ‘technological rents’ – TNCs build factories, train some workers -> LLEDCs get technology and skills, TNCs get cheap labour
Migration
Leaving rural areas is good, mean that its easier for the country to adopt western values
Employment opportunities
Two tiered social system: colonisers and the natives
Cities grew because colonial masters needed administrative centres and places to trade
Seek achieved status and let go of ascribed status and fatalism
More access to services such as education and healthcare -> this leads to development (healthier and well educated population, economic and social development)
More social change in cities
Population in urban developing countries exceed the demand for labour -> leads to unemployment
Peace (2005) found a tiny minority have well-paid jobs in the formal sector, most scrape a living in the informal sector (e.g. sweatshops) where there is exploitation and poor H&S
Can lead to spontaneous settlements e.g slums, people cannot afford to buy houses, can be difficult to then get a job because many require an address
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