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MORPHOLOGY The study of Forms - Coggle Diagram
MORPHOLOGY
The study of Forms
Types of Morphemes
Free :butterfly:
Can stand by themselves as single words
E.g: Open / Tour
Lexical :umbrella:
Free morphemes are lexical morphemes
(nouns, adjectives, verbs)
E.g: girl, long, open
We can add new lexical morphemes
--> "open" class of words
Functional :closed_umbrella:
Conjunctions, Prepositions, Articles, Pronouns
(and, on, a/an/the, them)
We almost never add new functional morphemes
--> "closed" class of words
Bound :inbox_tray:
Derivational :new:
to make new words from the stem
care-
ful
/ care-
less
/ teach-
er
/
Inflectional 1️⃣➕2️⃣ = 3️⃣
In English, inflectional morphemes are suffixes
indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word
_plural / singular ( -s -es)
_past tense / not past tense (-ed -ing -en [taken])
_comparative ( -er -est)
_possessive ('s)
Bound morphemes's Def.
CANNOT stand alone & typically attached to another form
E.g: re- , -ist , -er , -s
All affixes (prefixes & suffixes) in E are bound morphemes
Example
Definition
"A morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function"
Reopen
Example
Minimal unit of meaning
open
"re" (again)
Minimal unit of grammatical function
"ed" (indicating past tense)
Tourists
Example
Minimal unit of meaning
"tour"
"ist" (marking person who does something)
Minimal unit of grammatical function
"s" (plural)
Morph vs Allomorph
Morph
Actual forms used to realize morphemes
Cách thể hiện ở mặt chữ viết
E.g:
_hat
s
/ car
s
/ box
es
Allomorph
Cách thể hiện ở cách phát âm
E.g:
_
/s/
hat
s
_
/z/
car
s
_
/iz/
box
es
