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1.1 Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Functions - Coggle Diagram
1.1 Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Functions
Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
All living things are made of cells, they can either be eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic Cells
Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic
They have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus containing DNA
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic and a lot smaller
They contain a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA
Cell structures
The structures are examples of organelles so that they different specific functions
In animal and plant cells:
Cell membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Mitochondria
Where aerobic respiration reactions occur, providing energy for the cell
Cytoplasm
Liquid substance in which chemical reactions occur
Contains enzymes - biological catalysts - proteins that speed up the rate of reaction
Organelles are found in it
Ribosomes
Where protein synthesis occurs
Found on a structure called the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Contains DNA coding for a particular protein needed to build new cells
Enclosed in nuclear membrane
Only in plant cells:
Permanent vacuole
Contains cell sap
Found within the cytoplasm
Improves cell's rigidity
Cell wall
Made of cellulose
Provides strength to the cell
Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis takes place providing food for the plant
Contains chlorophyll pigment (green substance) which harvests the light needed for photosynthesis
In bacterial cells:
Cell wall
Made of a different compound called peptidogylcan
Chromosomal DNA
Since bacterial cells have no nucleus, this floats in the cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Plasmid DNA
Small rings of DNA - code for extra genes to those provided by chromosomal DNA
Cytoplasm
Flagella
Long, thin 'whip-like' tails attached to bacteria that allow them to move
Specialised Cells
Differentiation
Cells specialise by undergoing differentiation: a process that involves the cell gaining new sub-cellular structures in order for it to be suited to its role
Cells can either differentiate once early on or have the ability to differentiate their whole life - stem cells
In animals, most cells only differentiate once, but in plants many cells retain the ability