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Factors affecting the effectiveness of soap - Coggle Diagram
Factors affecting the effectiveness of soap
Variables
Possible Factors
Ph Of Soap
Amount of time using soap
Amount Of Water Used With Soap
Different Type Of Soap
Charcoal Soap
Liquid Soap
Kitchen Soap
Laundy Soap
Liquid Soap
Dependant
Measuring Bacteria Colonies
What makes a good soap
Hardness
Conditioning
Cleansing
Hydrophillic
Bubbly
The sodium and potassium end is hydrophillic
How To Make Soap
Soap, by definition, is fat or oil mixed with an alkali. The oil comes from an animal or plant, while the alkali is a chemical called lye. In bar soap-making, the lye is sodium hydroxide. Liquid soap requires potassium hydroxide.
What is Soap Made Of
Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids salts, produced from the hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction called saponification. Each soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain, sometimes called its 'tail', with a carboxylate 'head'
Controlled Variables
Limitations
List of Limitations:
Given time frame to conduct practical
Incubation period too short
Lack of precision for boiling
Background Information
How to measure effectiveness of soap:
The effectiveness can be measured by using agar plates. Use the different soap bars on dirty hands, then swab the hands and swipe onto the petri dishes. Then place into an incubator to see how much bacteria growth in each plate.
Soap is a cleansing agent created by the chemical reaction of a fatty acid with an alkali-metal hydroxide. Chemically speaking, it is a salt composed of an alkali-metal, such as sodium or potassium, and a mixture of “fatty” carboxylic acids.
Equation of Reaction: Fat + Lye -> Soap + Glycerol
The oil comes from an animal or plant, while the alkali is a chemical called lye. In bar soap-making, the lye is sodium hydroxide. Liquid soap requires potassium hydroxide.
Risk Assesment
List of Risks:
Sodium Hydroxide
Dangerous Bacteria
Boiling the soap
Glassware which could break
Concentration of lye in soap
Water is used to dissolve sodium hydroxide lye so it can react with the oils and start the saponification process. As the soap cures, the water evaporates and creates harder, longer-lasting bars. Lye needs at least an equal amount of water to form a solution. Various sources recommend a ratio of 2 parts of water to 1 part of lye.
Hard to control factors
Amount of substances used
Mixing speed and duration of mixing
Concentration of oils and fats
Hard to control factors
Variables
The dependent variable is the effectiveness of soap, measured by the growth of bacteria on the petri dish.
The independent variable is the different concentrations of Sodium Hydroxide.
Controlled: Type of dirt and Temperature