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Individual Differences in Second Language Learning - Coggle Diagram
Individual Differences in Second Language Learning
Individual learner differences play a crucial role in the acquisition of second language.
Motivation
Motivation to learn a language is considered one of the most plausible reasons of success at second language acquisition
According to Gardner and Lambert (1972) the following two types of motivation exist:
Integrative: found in individuals who want are interested in the second language in order to integrate with and become a part of a target community/ culture; here the learner wants to resemble and behave like the target community.
Instrumental: found in individuals who want to get learn a second language with the objective of getting benefits from the second language skill
Learning Styles
Language learning styles refer to cognitive variations in learning a second language. It is about an individuals‟ preferred way of processing, that is, of perceiving, conceptualizing, organizing, and recalling information related to language learning.
Concrete learning style Learners with a concrete learning style use active and direct means of taking in and processing information.
Analytical learning style Learners with an analytical style are independent, like to solve problems, and enjoy tracking down ideas and developing principles on their own.
Communicative learning style Learners with a communicative learning style prefer a social approach to learning. They need personal feedback and interaction, and learn well from discussion and group activities.
Authority-oriented learning style Learners with an authority-oriented style are said to be responsible and dependable. They like and need structure and sequential progression.
Learning Strategies
The learning strategies are the strategies a learner selects for language acquisition. Brown (2000) argues that the choice of learning strategies is strongly influenced by the nature of their motivation, cognitive style, and personality, as well as by specific contexts of use and opportunities for learning.
Personality
Human personality in all its shapes and colors brings variety to this world. Personality studies have been the core of the study of human psychology for more than 150 years.
Extroversion vs. introversion
Self esteem
Inhibition
Risk-taking
Anxiety
Age
Are children more successful second language learners than adults? Many would say yes, if we commonly observe the ease with which children, especially young children slip into the role of second language speakers.
Multiple intelligences
• Linguistic intelligence (“word smart”)
• Logical-mathematical intelligence (“number/reasoning smart”)
• Spatial intelligence (“picture smart”)
• Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence (“body smart”)
• Musical intelligence (“music smart”)
• Interpersonal intelligence (“people smart”)
• Intrapersonal intelligence (“self smart”)
• Naturalist intelligence (“nature smart”)
Environmental factor:
This includes the classrooms, textbooks, equip¬ment, school supplies, and other instructional materials.
