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Identity and Disability - Coggle Diagram
Identity and Disability
Definition: Disability represents a huge array of impairments relating to the body or mind. Impairments limit people's ability to do certain activities and interact with the world around them.
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Social identity: Product of others opinions, socialisation and expectations associated with social rules.
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Most disabled people form views about disability through socialisation rather than personal experience.
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Theorists:
Shakespeare: Disabled people are isolated from one another = lack of role models and collective identity. Lack of role models in the media, community and family.
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Hahn and Belt (2004): Surveyed 156 disabled people using 7 point Likert scale exploring their reaction to the question 'Even if I could take a magic pill, I would not want my disability to be cured'. 47% said no cure, 8% ambivalent and 45% wanted cure.
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Barnes (1982): Disabled people are seen as: having no sex life, lazy, dependant, less than human, monsters, pitied or praised, can't speak up and non contributing.
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Goffman: Prejudice can lead to an effect on identity and self-esteem. Master status = self-fulfilling prophecy.
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Zola (1982): the very language disabled people use to describe themselves is borrowed from discriminatory society. DIS-abled, Dis-eased and De-formed.
This leads to learned helplessness, disabled people think they can't solve situation.
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The models:
The social model: Society is the disabling factor as it isn't design for disabled people due to physical barriers e.g. lack of wheelchair ramps or social barriers e.g. discrimination and stigma. Lack of intervention.
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Frances-White (2018): 'I'm not disabled by the fact I can't breathe underwater, unless you force me to live in a fish tank!'.
The medical model: This is where the problem lies with the individual rather than society e.g. it is a person's fault they are in a wheelchair not the lack of a ramp. Can't lead normal life so are deserving of societies' pity and charity.
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Media
Shakespeare (1999)
Lazy shortcut to use disability as a hook, atmosphere or character trait.
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Ridley: media contributes to the awkwardness felt around disability,
Media representations of the disabled rarely present them as ‘people who just happen to have a disability’.
Hunt: identified ten stereotypes of disabled people in the media,
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Shakespeare says these stereotypes are used as a lazy short-cut.Not fair or accurate. Such stereotypes reinforce negative attitudes towards
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Murugami: Disabled person forms identity on what they can do not their disability. Positive identity.
A03:
Social-class:
Bordieu
Upper, middle and Lower class.
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Employers are less likely to employ someone with a disability so they end up on state benefits or living in a state of poverty.
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The education:
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By 1921, there were more than 300 institutions for blind, deaf, 'crippled’, and even epileptic children. Not only did this socialise children with disabilities into an identity that they are different, but it socialised others into the notion that disability is something to hide away and treat differently.
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inclusive education, is able to reduce discrimination through enabling children with and without disabilities to grow up together. Education gives children with disabilities skills to allow them to become positive role models and join the employment market, thereby helping to prevent poverty. By taking an inclusive approach to education, the identities of disabled people can be more about who they are, not what their disability is.