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What is statistics? - Coggle Diagram
What is statistics?
Aims of statistics
- To extract information from data using statistical techniques (make sense of data)
- To report findings from data – summarise and analyse the available data in a useful and informative manner
Statistics is a TOOL to help process, summarise, analyse, display and interpret data so that we can draw conclusion and to make decisions from collected data.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
- Consists of methods for organising, displaying and describing collected data in a meaningful way, which allows simpler interpretation of the data.
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PENGKELASAN JENIS DATA
Data Selang (interval)
- Data yg boleh disusun ikut tertib dan perbezaan nilai data dpt ditafsirkan atau ditentukan, termasuk bacaan negatif dan sifar yang menunjukkan kuantiti. Cth: Skala darjah, ukuran kecerdasan
Data Nisbah (ration)
- Data yg boleh disusun ikut tertib dan perbezaan nilai data dpt ditafsirkan. Nombor dinyatakan dlm skala yg mempunyai perbezaan yg sama. Cth: bacaan halaju kereta 90km/j, 120km/j
Data Ordinal
- Data boleh disusun ikut tertib tetapi perbezaan nilai tidak dapat ditafsirkan atau tidak memberikan apa-apa makna. Cth: pengetahuan komputer pelajar dikelaskan kpd cemerlang, baik, sederhana atau lemah
Data Nominal
- Untuk menamakan / mengkategorikan, tidak boleh disusun, mempunyai nama atau label tertentu. Cth: Jantina, kaum, agama, bangsa dan respon pelajar thdp kajian = ya / tidak
Diskrit (Discrete)
- Mempunyai sukatan data tertentu. Data yg boleh dibilang. Cth: Bilangan perkataan dlm saty muka surat, bilangan pelajar yg mempunyai komputer
Selanjar (Continuous)
- Mempunyai sukatan data berterusan dan boleh mengambil nilai-nilai dlm satu selang. Data yg boleh diukur. Cth: Ketinggian bangunan, masa yg diambil bgi menyiapkan sesuatu tugasan
Perwakilan data
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Kualitatif (qualitative)
- Tidak boleh diukur melalui skala nombor
- The statistical analysis for qualitative data are rather limited. Use frequency, percentage
Population
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- Report are a true representation of opinion
- The measureable quality is called a parameter
- The population is a complete set
Sample
- The sampel is a subset of the population
- Report have a margin of error and confidence interval
- The measurable quality is called a statistic
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POPULATION
- A population consists of all the items or individuals about which you want to draw a conclusion.
SAMPLE
- A sample is the portion of a population selected for analysis.
PARAMETER
- A parameter is a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a population.
STATISTIC
- A statistic is a numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a sample.