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The Age of Absolutism 1600-1715 - Coggle Diagram
The Age of Absolutism 1600-1715
The Scientific Revolution
Galileo Galilei
Showed that motions could be described mathematically
Nicolaus Copernicus
Put forward the idea of a heliocentric universe
Astronomy and Physics
Isaac Newton
Formulated three laws of motion combining concepts of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler
Johannes Kepler
Formulated three universal laws of planetary motion
Tycho Brahe
Recorded thousands of observations about planets and starts over 20-year period
Revolutions in Thought
The Trial of Galileo
renounce that “the Sun is the center of the universe and immovable, and
that the Earth is not the center of the same…”
A Revolution in Anatomy
William Harvey
Discovered in a single hour the heart pumps out more than a person’s mass in blood;
thus blood must circulate in the veins
Scientific Method and the Birth of Modern Philosophy
Scientific Method,
Rene Descartes
We can only be certain of one thing; that we exist – “I think, therefore I am”
Francis Bacon
Stressed importance of direct observation in finding the truth
Questioning Political Legitimacy; Hobbes versus Locke
Questioning Political Legitimacy; Hobbes versus Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Political philosophy shaped by chaos after execution of King Charles the first
John Locke
Used the idea of a “state of nature” for beginning of political philosophy
The Age of Absolutism
Absolutism Defined
In absolutist states, monarchs claimed to rule by divine light
Foundations of Absolutism in France
During his fathers reign, Richelieu rose to first minister of the French Crown :
Western Art in the Seventeenth Century
Patrons and Patronage
Gianlorenzo Bernini
One of the most admired and successful sculptors of baroque era
Artemisia Gentileschi
One of the first women artists to make mark on history of Western art
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
Introduced type of naturalism or realism not yet seen in Italian painting
Rembrandt van Rijm
The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp; captured expressions, became history
painting
Baroque Music
Jean-Baptiste Lully
Inventor of French opera, greatest French composer (Italian by birth)
Literature in the Seventeenth Century
John Dryden
Developed lucid clear prose that became model for all writing of the period and
beyond
Moliere
Most celebrated and controversial playwrights of 17 th century
Louis ΧΙV, The Sun King
Consolidation Power
Louis won control over Catholic Church in France
Colbert’s Economic Reforms
Encouraged new domestic industries, discouraged imports
Palace of Versailles
One of the most important tools in gaining control of the French nobility
The Wars of Louis ΧΙV
Wars left France impoverished, little to show for sacrifices, people wanted to revolt
The Legacy of Louis ΧΙV
France was Euros leading cultural and military power
Life at Versailles
Louis surrendered almost all of his privacy to the state; except being seen without a
wig – had sebaceous cysts
Absolutism in Eastern Europe
The Westernization of Russia
Believed that the key to Russia’s development was closer ties with Western Euro
Peter the Great
Either think he was a superhero who transformed Russia into a modern state; some
say humans costs were too high
The Legacy of Peter the Great
Peter the Great was involved in every aspect of life; what people wore, read, ate…
Securing Power
Sister and wife forced to become nuns for sympathizing with rebels
England in the Seventeenth Century
Life in Seventeenth Century England
Family Life
Marriage Trends
Social Classes and Cultural Units
Death: Life’s Constant Companion
England in the Seventeenth Century
The Triumph of the Constitution
In sharp contrast to absolute monarchy of France, England was governed by a
constitutional monarchy; Parliament ruled over the Crown
The Glorious Revolution
The Reign of James Ι
“That the pretended power of suspending of laws, or the execution of laws, by
regal authority, without consent of Parliament, is illegal”
Charles and the English Civil War
Stubborn nature, refusal to compromise; earned Parliament’s dislike
The Reign of James Ι
Economic Change in Seventeenth-Century England
Beginning comprised of series of local economies – independently striving for self-
sufficiency