Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
5 Areas of Struggling Readers - Coggle Diagram
5 Areas of Struggling Readers
Phonemic Awareness
The ability to focus on and manipulate individual sounds
Example: mat has 3 phonemes /m/a/t/
44 phonems in the English language
important for spelling and word recognition
Ways to improve
practice sounds of the alphabet
use rhyming words and word games
go to no, bat to cat
Phonics
teaches the principals of letter-sound relationship
letter patterns
correctly pronounce words
Activities/Ways to Improve
teach in a systematic, explicit manner
Sort objects or pictures by sound
Vocabulary
understanding the words we use to communicate (listening, speakrng, reading and writing)
contributes greatly to comprehension
Ways to help:
explicitly teaching new vocabulary words
Read a lot--the more they read, the more words they encounter
read aloud, stop to discuss new words
Fluency
Reading with speed, accuracy and correct expression
Ways to teach
Repeated readings of same text
Model reading, then have them repeat
Time reading to gain speed
Comprehension
the understanding and comprehension of what is read
To understand written material, readers need:
decode what is read
make connections
think deeply about what is read
Ways to help
graphic organizers
reread for better understanding
teach students to predict and summarize
By Evelyn Cartwright