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The Cell- It's Structure And Functions - Coggle Diagram
The Cell- It's Structure And Functions
All Plants and animals are made up of cells.
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
Cell possess similarity in their basic structure.
Certain basic functions like nutrition, respiration, growth, development and reproduction are performed by the cells in all organisms.
Cell was discovered by Robert Hooke
It was discovered in the 17th century in 1665.
It was a honeycomb like structure consisting of little compartments.
There are two types of cells.
Unicellular are the organisms consists of a single cell.
Multicellular are the organisms which are made up of many cells
Cell shape
Cells are different in shapes due to their location and functions.
Nerve cell transmit nerve impulses to organs located in different parts of body.
Cell size
The smallest cell is pplo pleuro pneumonia like organism and also called micro plasma.
The ostrich egg is considered as the smallest egg with 170 mm in diameter a single cell it is big enough to be seen even with the unaided eyes.
Red blood cell 9 micron and nerve cell about 1m.
Activity 2
Saffranin. Onion peel cells here are arranged in rows. A dark structure in the centre of each cell it is the nucleus.
Polygonal, isolated cells, or cells in clusters. Darkly stained nucleus in each cell. Methylene blue.
Red blood cells disc shape
Parts of cells
Cell Membrane
• Also called plasma membrane.
• it's arounds its inner gel like structure.
• it controls the entry and exit
• plant fungi and bacteria have additional outer covering called cell wall.
• cell wall provides rigidity protection definition size and support to the cell.
Cytoplasm
• the portion of the protoplas lying inert the cell membrane but outside the nuclear membrane is called cytoplasm.
• it acts like a ground substance and it is made up of carbohydrates proteins fats minerals and vitamins and a large portion of water.
• it's living nature to protoplasm.
Nucleus
• it licence centre of the cell and its spherical in the shape.
• it controls all the cell activity.
• the nucleus is a dense structure bonded by nuclear membrane and protoplasm of the nucleus is called nucleoplasm it also has a thread like network called chromating and when the cell is ready to divide chromatin contents to form a thicker thread like structure called chromosome the chromosome carries the jeans inherited by generation to another.
Cell organelles
Plastids
• green coloured plastids are called chloroplast and the coloured plastids are called chromoplasts and colourless plastids are called leucoplasts.
• it helps in manufacture food and imparting colour
Mitochondria
• it is called the power house of cell.
• it is rod shaped and spherical structure.
• it helps in cellular respiration and generation of energy.
Endoplasmic reticulum
• it is network of membrane and provides channel for transportation of materials.
Rough ER
• It is studded with ribosomes.
• it's synthesizes of protein
Smooth ER
• It helps in synthes of fat
Golgi complex
Helps in processing and packaging of materials
Vacuole
• empty space
• large in plant cell.
• stores access water and waste products.
Ribosomes
• tiny granules
• on rough ER
• helps in protein synthesis
Cilia and flagella
• small extensions on their cell membrane
• helps in locomotion and collection