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Spain: The Bourbon Restoration, image, image, image, image, image, image -…
Spain: The Bourbon Restoration
Reign of Alfonso XII and the regency of Maria Cristina
Canovist system
Cánovas del Castillo
period of political stability
economy grew
Constitution of 1876
constitutional monarchy
only legal form of government
shared sovereignty
monarch
Cortes
universal male suffrage in 1890
Bipartisanship
two alternating official
political parties
Liberal government
Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
Conservative government
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
Caciquismo
allowed elections to be manipulated
supported Canovist system
and reign of Alfonso
army
Catholic Church
landowners
middle-class business owner
opposition republicans+
anarchists + socialists
excluded
areas of nationalism and regionalism
politics by this system
marginalised
centralised state system
the Carlists
defeated in the Third Carlist war
death of Alfonso XII / 1885
Pact of El Pardo
Cánovas del Castillo
Sagasta
support regency of María
Cristina of Austria
regent until her son Alfonso XIII came of age / 1902
The Reign of Alfonso XIII
Political conflict
Constitution of 1876
alternating governments collapse
collapse
still in effect
increasing members and
political activity
republican parties
advocated establishment
of a republic
regionalist parties
autonomy for their region
Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV)
Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya (LRC)
creation of regional
associations
Mancomunidad de Cataluña (1914)
Partido Socialista Obrero
Español (PSOE)
access of working class to political power
socialist left divided
Partido Comunista Español (PCE)
The development of the
workers' movement
concessions
pension system
for retired workers
new laws to regulate
child labour
female labour
eight-hour working day
six-day working week
legal recognition for trade unions
workers' movement
fight for better working
conditions
demonstrations
strikes
(violence)
trade unions supported
and coordinated
Unión General de
Trabajadores (UGT)
socialist
Confederación Nacional
del Trabajo (CNT)
anarchist syndicate
The military problem
very critical public opinion of the army
defeats in Morocco
extensive involvement of military in political life
demonstrations
strikes
Compulsory military created discontent
poor
members of the working class
Wealthier people
could avoid
abolished in 1912
paying a special fee
climate of political instability
military coup
led by General Miguel Primo de Rivera
after established a dictatorship
War in Morocco
Spain's presence
negative consequences
Tragic Week (1909)
Barcelona popular protest
led by workers and families of soldiers
brutally suppressed by the army
Spanish reservists sent to war
Annual disaster (1921)
many soldiers lost their lives
Spanish troops defeated
Morocco opposed by the
local population
war (1909–1927)
the disaster of 98
causes and development
rejection of the demands
Spanish government not
grant autonomy
by Spanish dominant
class
colonial economy favoured the
sale of their products
Cuban War (1895–1898)
pro-independence forces
José Martí
pro-independence uprising
Philippines
defeated the
Spanish fleet
Treaty of Paris (1898)
independence to Cuba
ceded Puerto Rico and Philippines
demands of Cuban Creole bourgeoisie
economic freedom
obliged to import
Spanish products)
political autonomy
prohibited to form
political parties)
consequences of defeat
appearance of
regenerationism
intellectual and critical movement
renewal the Spanish
political system
removal of the Canovist system
educational reform.
economic crisis
loss of the colonial market
imports from former colonies more expensive
industrial exports fell
demoralisation of the
Spanish people
loss of human life
disastrous action
involvement of the USA
biggest buyer of Cuban
sugar and tobacco
only sell 32% of its
own products
Government offered
to buy the island
Spanish refused
support the
Spanish colony
fight for independence
accidental explosion of American
warship Maine
death of 261 American sailor
important
Galician nationalism
protect Galician identity
gain autonomy.
Asociación Regionalista
Gallega
Alfredo Brañas and Alfonso Castel
1890
Andalusian regionalism
solve social problems
high unemployment,
no political party until 20th century
Basque nationalism
independence of País Vasco.
Sabino Arana
1895
Partido Nacionalista Vasco
Catalan nationalism
Bases de Manresa
Catalan autonomy
Enric Prat, 1891
Lliga Regionalista de
Catalunya
Francesc Camb
1901
