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Emotional and Cognitive Socialization Outcomes - Coggle Diagram
Emotional and Cognitive
Socialization Outcomes
Values
Affected by societal perceptions
"normal" is relative
Affected by personal perceptions
age, experience, cognitive development, and moral reasoning are factors.
Values Clarification: the process of discovering what is personally worthwhile or desirable in life.
Attitudes
tendency to respond positively or negatively. Composed of beliefs, feelings, behavior tendencies.
Development of Attitudes
Phase I: awareness of cultural differences, beginning at about age 2.5/3.
Phase II: orientations toward specific culturally related words and concepts, beginning at about age 4.
Phase III: attitudes toward various cultural groups, beginning at about age 7.
Influences include family through modeling, instruction, reinforcement and punishment; peers; mass media through TV and movies and books, community and school.
Motives and Attributions
Intrinsic: changes result from cognitive or emotional maturation, such as becoming more curious as one is able to learn more and becoming more competent as one is able to master more.
Extrinsic: changes result from contexts children experience as they grow, such as family, school, or peer groups, and the accompanying feelings of autonomy or control.
Locus of Control
Internal: perceptions that one is responsible for one's own fate.
External: perceptions that other or outside forces are responsible for one's fate.
With age comes increased understanding of causality and explanations for outcomes become more differentiated.
Learned-Helplessness Orientation: the perceptions, acquired through negative experiences, that effort has no affect on outcomes.
Self-Esteem
Self-Efficacy: The belief that one can master a situation and prouce positive outcomes.
Personal Agency: The realization that one's actions cause outcomes.
Self-Esteem: The value one places on one's identity.
Development of S.E.
Contributing factors: significance, competence, virtue, power.
Influences: family, school, peers, mass media, community.