Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

BODY SYSTEMS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - • The heart. This muscular organ functions to pump blood throughout the body through an intricate network of blood vessels.
      - • The arteries. These thick-walled blood vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
      - • The veins. These blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
      - • The capillaries. These tiny blood vessels facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between your circulatory system and your organs and tissues. It works: Its function is to distribute blood and other nutrients to all the organs and tissues of the body.
    - - 1. Oxygen-depleted blood returns to the heart (the right side) through the veins.
      - 3. The newly oxygenated blood returns to the other side of the heart (the left side), where it is then pumped into the arteries.
      - 4. Eventually, the blood enters the capillaries. Here, it releases oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues of your body. It then collects carbon dioxide and other waste products.
      - 5. The oxygen-depleted blood returns to the heart through the veins, and the cycle begins again.
      - 2. The heart pumps this blood to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood removes carbon dioxide and picks up fresh oxygen.
  - - - The peripheral nervous system is made up of all the nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.
      - The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord.
  - - - Alveoli:The alveoli are located at the end of the last branches of the bronchioles. They are shaped like small sacs and are the place where gas exchange with the blood occurs. Its wall is very thin, since it is made up of a unicellular layer, that is, formed by a single cell. Adding the two lungs together, the human body has around 300 million alveoli which, if fully deployed, would occupy an area of 60 m². This enormous area is what makes it possible to obtain the amount of oxygen necessary for vital functions.6
      - Intercostal muscles: Muscles located in the space between two consecutive ribs. They have an important role in mobilizing the chest during inspiration.
      - Bronchiole: tube that carries air from the bronchi to the alveoli
      - Diaphragm: Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. When it contracts it goes down and increases the size of the thoracic cavity causing inspiration. When it relaxes it rises, decreases the size of the thoracic cavity and causes expiration.
      - Bronchus: Tubular fibrocartilaginous tube that conducts air from the trachea to the bronchioles.
      - Pleura and pleural cavity: The pleura is a serous membrane that covers both lungs. It consists of two layers, the parietal pleura in contact with the chest wall and the visceral pleura in contact with the lungs. Between both layers there is a space called the pleural cavity. The pressure in the pleural cavity is less than atmospheric pressure, which makes it possible for the lungs to expand during inspiration.
  - - - Excitability - ability to detect neural stimulation (action potential).
      - Contractility - ability to contract in response to neural stimulation.
      - Extensibility - ability of a muscle to be stretched without breaking.
      - Elasticity- ability to return to its normal shape after being stretched.
    - - Cardiac muscle, which forms the muscular layer of the heart (myocardium).
      - Smooth muscle, comprising the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs.
      - Skeletal muscle, which is attached to the bones and provides voluntary movements.