Soap D&D
What is Soap?
Soap is made of a fat/oil and an alkali substance
Liquid Soap
Examples of alkali substances
Examples of Oils/fats
Olive Oil
Coconut Oil
How to make soap
How to test effectiveness?
Shining UV light to see if germs are there?
putting dirt on an object and putting it on soapy water. Measure the weight difference to figure out the loss of dirt.
What can make soap more effective
Fragrance
Making it a stronger cleaning agent
Potassium Hydroxide
Bar Soap
Examples of Alkali Substances
Examples of Oils/Fats
Sodium Hydroxide
Olive Oil
How well it Lathers? amount of foam
How does Soap Work?
pH of soap
Harsh or kind soap
Antibacterial
Soap molecules have a hydrophillic head and a hydrophobic tail. This means that the tail will attach to germs and dirt while the head prevents water from reaching the tails. This allows the bacteria and germs to wash off.
Amount of foam produced
9-10 pH
pH test,
closer the pH to 7, less harsh the soap is
Harsh soap can ruin and skin by killing good bacteria and removing oils making the skin dehydrated.
What is Standard Soap?
Fat + Lye => Soap + Glycerol (Saponifcation)
Saponification is the act of turning fat/oils into soap and alcohol via the action of an aqueous alkali.
The suds have nothing to do with the effectiveness of cleaning.
Testing soap in Hard water
Testing how long smell lasts
Limitations of bar soaps
Harsh on skin
Will dissolves in moisture
It takes longer to lather
Less hygienic then liquid soap due to the fact that previous users handled the same bar of soap