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Maritime Piracy: 2.2.6 - only appears briefly - Coggle Diagram
Maritime Piracy: 2.2.6 - only appears briefly
Piracy: act of attacking a ship at sea, to make financial gains
2011 - 439 piracy attacks (50+Somalia)
EU estimates pirates take hold of 30 boats with 700 people at any one time
Causes of Somali Piracy
no effective gov for more than 2 decades - exiled to Kenya
poverty - people therefore must turn to alt forms of income
civil war
has largest coastline in Africa - but doesn't take advantage of it
main industry was fishing - has now decreased due to dwindling fish stocks from over-fishing by large comps
Prolonged drought, soil erosion and desertification
Impacts of piracy:
2010 - ransom money, military protection and cargo insurance is estimated at between 7 and 12 bn $
Collective loss of trade revenue from nearby countries (Egypt, Kenya, Yemen) estimated at $1.25bn annually
Environmental hazards - attacking ships carrying raw mats e.g oil spill
reduces of ability of countries to trade - near Suez Canal
Ports and towns along gulf of Aden has benefited from piracy - now signif part of informal Econ
some places with 24hr stock exchange where communities contribute weapons and soldiers in exchange for money
Ghost ship: empty ship to offload cargo from hjacked ship
Security issues for countries relating to oceans:
Issues:
Illegal or unregulated fishing
Piracy
Drugs and armed smuggling
Terrorism
People smuggling
What is being done:
Cooperation between organisations and countries - effective management is difficult as the area is so vast
African Union - 2050 Africa's integrated maritime strategy - obstacles: lack of capacity (resources and money), political will is lacking and sovereignty disputes
coastguards need to be set up in some countries and then there needs to be intelligence sharing between all coastal countries - some countries have taken to using their navies as a coastguard
Regional architecture: includes- capacity building (tech, coastguards, human roles), developing national legislation, poverty alleviation, - due to lack of regional architecture maritime security is difficult as they aren't able to spot or track criminals
Solutions to combatting Somalian piracy:
Private security and intensive naval campaigns - got scaled back after peak
2009-2016, NATO conducted Operation Ocean Shield – anti-piracy naval operation off the Horn of Africa to reduce Somali piracy - very successful - naval escorts and working with other counter-piracy operations in region - could intervene in hijacking attempts - transport humanitarian aid as part of WFP mission in region
Now focussing on community based projects and preventing piracy rather than reacting to it
Cost effective solution: stop pirates at coast whilst still in own terrortoal waters
Lots of countries can't afford vessels for counter-piracy efforts
Piracy in Indonesia
Caused by poverty and instability
3 main types: boarding parties that rob ships, syndicates that steal ships, raiders that kidnap crew for ransom
Pirates like Indonesia because many ships pass through its water, the ships often travel slowly because the straits are narrow and potentially danger, and there are lots of islands for them to escape to (17,500 islands). Indonesia is the perfect hideout for pirates.
Bribery and corruption of public officials is common
15m barrels of oil pass through Indonesia's waters per day
Global impact of piracy:
$16bn lost from piracy every yr - effects oil and gas prices
Gulf of Guinea (west cost of Africa) remains high point for piracy - accounted for 43% of attacks in first 3 months of 2021
27 yr low in world wide attacks - general decline
Despite general decline - the IMBPRC still recommends ships take necessary precautions to prevent pirate attacks