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GENERAL TYPES OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS - Coggle Diagram
GENERAL TYPES OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (OAS)
Help people perform personal record keeping, writing, and calculation efficiently
Main types of tools include:
spreadsheet programs
text & image processing systems
presentation packages
personal database systems and note-taking systems
TOWARD A "PAPERLESS" OFFICE
INTEGRATED SOFTWARE
NON-STRUCTURED DATA
EXAMPLE: PRESENTATION GRAPHICS
Business graphic
1- Software that enable user to create highly stylized image for slide shows and report.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (CS)
A communication system convey information from its source to a destination
Example:
<Telephone
<TV
<Radio
<Cell phone
<PDA
<Satellite
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM (TPS)
Transaction processing system(TPS) = system that collects and stores transaction data, may also control decisions made as part of the transaction.
< Transaction= an event that generates or modifies data
~ Some TPSs bypass clerks, and completely automate transactions
~ Data validation
OPERATIONAL LEVEL
INPUTS: TRANSACTIONS, EVENTS
PROCESSING: UPDATING
OUTPUT: DETAILED REPORTS
USERS : OPERATIVE PERSONNEL
EXAMPLE: ACCOUNTS PAYABLE
TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS SALES & MARKETING SYSTEMS
Major functions of systems: Sales management, Market research, Promotion, Pricing, New product
Major application systems: Sales order info systems, Market research system, Pricing system
TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS HUMAN RESOURCES SYSTEMS
-Major functions of systems: Personnel records, Benefits, Compensation, Labor relations, Training
Major application systems : Payroll, Employee records, Benefits systems, Career path systems, Personnel training systems
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)
MANAGEMENT LEVEL
INPUTS: HIGH VOLUME DATA
PROCESSING: ROUTINE REPORTS, SIMPLE MODELS, LOW-LEVEL ANALYSIS
OUTPUTS: SUMMARY REPORTS AND EXCEPTION REPORTS
USERS : MIDDLE MANAGERS
EXAMPLE: ANNUAL BUDGET
provides information for managing an organization
extract and summarize data from TPSs
< allow managers to monitor & direct the organization
< provide accurate feedback
provide pre specified reports on a scheduled basis
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS)
an interactive information system that provides information, models, and data manipulation tools to help make decisions in semi structured and unstructured situations
support analytical work
<MANAGEMENT LEVEL
<INPUTS: LOW VOLUME DATA
<PROCESSING: INTERACTIVE
<OUTPUTS: DECISION ANALYSIS
<USERS: PROFESSIONALS, STAFF
EXAMPLE: CONTRACT COSR ANALYSIS
<FLEXIBLE,ADAPTABLE,QUICK
<USER CONTROLS INPUTS/OUTPUTS
<NO PROFESSIONAL PROGRAMMING
<SUPPORTS DECISION PROCESS
<SOPHISTICATED MODELING TOOLS
Queries cannot be specified in advance
Decision support system often also bring in information from external sources (e,g. product prices of competitors, current stock prices, etc)
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS (ESS OR EIS)
-a highly interactive system that provides a flexible access to information for monitoring results and general business conditions
use both internal and competitive information
user-friendly interface
EXAMPLE: 5 YEAR OPERATING PLAN
ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS (ES)
~ Firm-wide systems that serve as a common information infrastructure for basic business processes
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems
~ Controversial
< Expensive and very difficult to implement
< Business processes may have to be modified to fit the software, instead of the other way around
STRATEGIC ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
< Strategic info system
< Can change goals, processes, products, services or environment