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W4 Lipids - Coggle Diagram
W4 Lipids
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fatty acid
命名:– delta numbering of carbon skeleton: 18:1Δ9 意思為從有18個C和1個雙鍵，而雙鍵位置在從Carboxylic acids端數來第9號碳；omega numbering則是從alkene端數過來(剛好相反)
隨雙鍵數上升，mp下降(有彎曲，不穩定)；C數上升，mp上升，solubility下降 ⇒Saturated fatty acid較 unsaturated have more extensive favorable interactions
基本結構:Carboxylic acids+hydrocarbon chains(4 to 36 carbon)，大多為偶數(even) and Most natural fatty acids are unbranched
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Trans fatty acid 由unsaturated fatty acid 部分dehydrogenation得來，trans double bond讓fatty acid有更extensive conformation。trans fatty acid 較 cis form 更穩定 m.p較高，會造成心血管疾病。
不含fatty acid
Sterol(固醇類):主要由四個環組成、有hydroxy group(polar head group)在A-ring、有需多nonpolar side chain、structure is almost 平面，許多hormone是sterols的derivatives
Steroid(類固醇)是sterol oxidized的衍生物，缺少alkyl side chain(nonpolar)，故較cholesterol更polar，透過 carrier protein運輸
Cholesterol常出現在eukaryote的cell membrane 可調節流動性和通透性並增加厚度，no sterol in most bacteria(重要)，mammal可從食物或從肝臟生合成cholesterol，而低密度的cholesterol很容易堆積在血管中(LDL⇒bad lipoprotein)
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fatty acid -1
Triacylglycerol (nonpolar):屬於Storage lipid ，不出現在生物膜上，primary storage form of lipids (body fat)，Less soluble in water than fatty acids due to the
esterification of the carboxylate group
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