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Chapter 4 (#25 onward), One way to transform analog into digital - Coggle…

- - - - S1-Quantization of PAM pulses (Quantization?)
        
        Number of quantization levels is L
      - S2-Binary encoding (What does it mean?)
        
        PCM Steps
        
        --> Digital Signal
        
        Each sample is converted to n_b bit codeword
        
        Number of bits is n_b = Log_2 L or L = 2^n
        
        Bit Rate = Sampling rate x No. bits per sample = f_s x n_b
      - S3-Digital / digital encoidng
- - - - 8 bits sent, 8 lines needed to receive
  - - - we send 1 start bit (0) at the beginning and 1 or more stop bits (1s) at the end of each byte. There may be a gap between each byte. Asynchronous here means “asynchronous at the byte level,” but the bits are still synchronized; their durations are the same.
    - - we send bits one after another without start or stop bits or gaps. It is the responsibility of the receiver to group the bits.
      - Bit stream is converted into longer frames which may contain ,multiple bytes
      - Advantages are speed, no extra bits or gaps
    - - 8 bits, sent in one line after another so only one line is needed (wire)
      - Serial/parallel converted needed for the receiver
      - Parallel/serial converter need for sender