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TDM TUTORIAL 3, The elements of the destination mix are similar to those…

- - - - Phase 1- No mass tourism. Elite travel to domestic and international destinations
      - Phase 2- Widespread participation in domestic tourism Increased international travel by elite
      - Phase 3- Mass participation in domestic tourism Elite turn towards long-haul international travel
      - Phase 4- Mass participation in domestic and international (long-haul and short-haul) tourism
      - The government may encourage local people involved in tourism activity for every phase through doing promotion, marketing, giving allowances for the local people
  - - - Economic Development
        
        Subsistence-based, pre-industrial, rural, agrarian
        
        Large gap between poor masses and small elite
      - Tourism Participation
        
        No mass tourism
        
        Elite travel to domestic and international destinations
        
        Government offers people more creative and attractive travel packages through digital platforms, offers incentives and promotions in the form of rebate coupons, e-coupons, e-wallet cashbacks and discounts to boost tourism
    - - Economic Development
        
        Industrialising
        
        Rapid growth or urban areas
        
        Growing middle class
      - Tourism Participation
        
        Widespread participation in domestic tourism
        
        Increased international travel by elite
        
        Embrace technologies for safe, seamless and contactless travel such as cashless payments, online bookings, contactless transactions and contactless check-in
    - - Economic Development
        
        Almost industrialised
        
        Population mostly urban
        
        Middle class becoming dominant
      - Tourism Participation
        
        Mass participation in domestic tourism
        
        Elite turn towards long-haul international travel
    - - Economic Development
        
        Fully industrialised, “high-tech” orientation
        
        Mostly urban
        
        High levels of affluence
      - Tourism Participation
        
        Mass participation in domestic and international (long-haul and short-haul) tourism
        
        All tourist facilities and infrastructure at this stage are complete and available for residents to use. Infrastructure, facilities, parks, events, museums, etc. are created for the locals themselves to be used by tourists and attract them to these destinations.
  - - - Phase 1- No mass tourism. Elite travel to domestic and international destinations
      - Phase 2- Widespread participation in domestic tourism Increased international travel by elite
      - Phase 4- Mass participation in domestic and international (long- haul and short-haul) tourism
      - Phase 3- Mass participation in domestic tourism Elite turn towards long-haul international travel
- - - - Sales promotion and publicity - A tour operator might promote a destination because it wants to introduce a new product on to the market that is based in that destination through newspapers, magazines and etc.
      - Economic Factors - The cost of the various components that go together to make a holiday will affect a visitor’s decision about whether a destination is worth visiting. The costing decision (cost of accommodation, transport and cost incurred at the destination) have a big influence on the decision making process. Other economic considerations such as fluctuations in the exchange rate, tourism taxes, service charges and etc.
      - Exclusivity - Some destinations maintain their popularity by having an air of exclusivity. Certain resorts have an 'upmarket label', such as Monte Carlo, the Seychelles and Mustique. These destinations are not actively marketed - their names will done for them.
      - Over-commersialization - Declined in popularity over the years as they are overcrowded and full of high-rise buildings. Benidorm is an example of a destination that has lost business because of over-commercialisation.
      - Natural disaster - This factors can devastate the tourism industry in a destination. The extensive media coverage that follows such a disaster can remain in people's memories for some time to come.
      - Geographical Aspects - for this factor, is to determine based on accessibility, climate conditions, pollution, and also natural disasters.
      - Crime - can drastically affect the popularity of destinations and is something that raises a great deal of public interest when reported by the press.
- - - - Destination mix consists of the attractions, place and services that could be used by the travelers.
      - Tourist destination- Singapore
      - Attraction- Universal Studio Singapore
      - Facility- Nursing rooms and baby changing facilities, Renting wheelchairs and strollers, Information at your fingertips (Online Maps) and more
      - Infrastructure- parking space for all vehicles (cars, buses, etc.), accommodations, washroom and so on
      - Transportation- Train (MRT, LRT), Car, Bus, Walking
      - Hospitality resources- Hotel (Beach Villas, Equarius Hotel…), restaurant (Ocean Restaurant, Osia Steak and Seafood Grill…), Private Dining & Events
- - - - Exploration- Boracay is a small island in the Philippines. Before it became famous, only locals, close friends and a few explorers knew about the natural beauty of this destination. However, explorers may share their wonderful experiences with others and convince them to visit the lovely island of Boracay. At this point in the survey, there are no tourist facilities such as hotels or restaurants.
      - Involvement- The Philippine government and other private sectors begin construction projects. Some businesses on the island are also established and operated from the beginning. However, as restaurants, hotels and resorts are being built on the island, LGUs and residents will gain benefits such as plenty of job opportunities, which will help boost the economy by taxing institutions.
      - Development- Visitors can access the island through daily transport services provided by the Department of Transportation, whereas previously they had to rent a pump boat. Tourism in Boracay is currently booming, attracting tourists from all over the world. Due to the increasing number of tourists, some businesses and institutions in Boracay have expanded their leisure activities and facilities.
      - Consolidation- The number of tourists is not decreasing at this time, but life in Boracay is decreasing. Due to more irresponsible company owners and other residents, Boracay's tourist attractions, infrastructure and other natural resources have been exploited. The government began repairing the resort island in 2018 after President Duterte dubbed it a "cesspool." Boracay was closed to tourists for six months for clean-up efforts, but road and drainage upgrades continued after the island reopened in October 2018.
      - Stagnation- Boracay has entered a "stagnation phase" due to overdevelopment and overpopulation. There are reports that untreated wastewater and poor sewage management are polluting Boracay's waterways and the environment. Before a resort collapses or rebuilds, it will go through the fifth stage of its life cycle which is stagnation.
      - Decline- With the rapid increase in the number of visitors to Boracay and the poor management of the island's environment, the island's ability to maintain the health, safety and well-being of its residents and businesses is under serious threat, which could lead to declines.
      - Rejuvenation-The government began repairing the resort island in 2018 after President Duterte dubbed it a "cesspool." Boracay was closed to tourists for six months that year for clean-up and beach clearing efforts, but road and drainage upgrades continued after the island reopened in October 2018.
- - - - Stagnation: On April 4, 2018, the Philippine government announced that Boracay would be closed for up to six months starting on April 26. The closure of the island is based on the need for "rehabilitation".
        
        Decline: The island's booming tourism industry is exacerbating the island's environmental degradation, which will inevitably affect Boracay's attractiveness as a major tourist destination. The rapid increase in the number of visitors to Boracay, coupled with weak environmental management, poses a serious threat to the island's ability to maintain the health, safety and well-being of residents and businesses, and could subsequently lead to a decline.
        
        Rejuvenation: The restoration of Boracay, declared one of the best islands in the world, was announced after it was shut down by the Philippine government in April 2018 for a six-month restoration programme following reports of breaches of environmental standards. The Boracay Inter Agency Task Force (BIATF) also announced that the environmental standards set during the restoration would be strictly enforced. For example, limited carrying capacity and accommodation, cleaner, more family-friendly, restrictions on shows and seaside attractions and wider beach shores.