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Living with tectonic hazards 🌏 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - High silica lava
        
        Subduction of plate
      - Trap gas easily
      - Convergence plate boundary
      - Highly explosive
        
        May lead to localised/ regional impact
        
        2) Lahars
        
        Travels up to 40km
        
        1) Pyroclastic flow
        
        Travels up to 200km
        
        Rocks, ash, toxic gases
        
        3) Air pollution
        
        2) Agriculture
        
        Dust block the sun
        
        Dust settle on the crops, suffocating them
        
        3) Aviation industry
        
        1) Health
        
        4) Effects on the weather (temporary global dimming)
        
        However people still choose to live near volcanoes despite the risks
        
        Economic benefits
        
        2) Precious stones and minerals for miners
        
        3) Tourism sector will flourish
        
        1) Fertile soil for some agricultural farmers
        
        4) Lower electrical bills by tapping into geothermal energy
        
        Frequency of eruption may be low for dormant volcanoes
      - High viscosity
        
        Steeper gradient
    - - Low viscosity
        
        Gentler gradient
      - Does not trap gas easily
      - Low silica lava
      - Less explosive but fast flowing
      - Divergent plate boundary
- - - - Convection currents within mantel 🔥
        
        Heated mantel material, expands, rises, spreads out beneath plates ➡️ Divergence of plate (1)
        
        Plates can also slides past one another at transform plate boundaries ➡️ Transform faults
        
        Mantle material cools & sinks ➡️ Convergence of plate (2)
        
        Denser plate subducts (slab pull force)
        
        Subduction & upwelling of magma through lines of weaknesses / cracks and fissures
  - - - Destruction of infrastructures & properties
      - Landslides (terrain dependent)
      - Loss of lives
      - Disruption of services
    - - 2) depth of focus
      - 3) population density
      - 1) magnitude
      - 4) time of occurence
      - 5) type of soil
        
        Liquidfaction
      - 6) Level of preparedness
        
        Prepardness
        
        Infrastructure design (earthquake proof)
        
        Emergency drills (allow people to be familiar with procedures, reduce death toll)
        
        Land use regulation
        
        Use of technology (monitoring & warning system