CURRICULUM OF ECOLOGY & BIODIVERSITY IN STPM 1-min-1

TOPIC 15: ECOLOGY

TOPIC 16: SELECTION AND SPECIATIONS

TOPIC 14 : TAXONOMY & BIODIVERSITY

15.3 Energy Flow

15.4 Population Ecology

15.2 Biogeochemical Cycles

15.5 Carrying Capacity

15.1 Levels of Ecological Organisation and Their Interactions between Biotic & Abiotic Factors

15.6 Quantative Ecology

14.3 Biodiversity in Malaysia

14.4 Threats to biodiversity

14.2 Diversity of Organisms

14.5 Conservation of Biodiversity

14.1 Taxonomy

Definition of energy flow using the first and second laws of thermodynamics

  1. Importance of taxonomy in biological science
  1. Concept of species, how species are classified into higher categories in a taxonomic hierarchy

Morphological characteristics of the following phyla in the kingdom;

  1. Protoctista (Chlorophyta and
    Zoomastigina)
  1. Fungi (Zygomycota)

different levels and examples of biodiversity in Malaysia

  1. Plantae ((Bryophyta, Filicinophyta, Coniferophyta, Angiospermophyta)
  1. Animalia ((Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata).

ecosystem/ community diversity

species/ taxonomic diversity

genetic diversity

Natural and man-made factors that threaten biodiversity in Malaysia

Efforts to address the threats

Conservation in Malaysia

In Situ Conservation

Ex situ Conservation

Individual organism of a species

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Biome

Biosphere

Carbon cycle

Phosphorus cycle

Sulphur cycle

Niche

Ecological niche

Realised niche

Habitat

Microhabitat

How organisms utilise and interacts with their environment to live and survive

Group of organisms within the same species living together

Mix of different species living together

Living and non-living things components existing together in an environment

Importance of all these 3 cycles

Major biotic community typically characterized by dominant vegetations and climatic condidtions. Eg rainforest biome, savannah biome

Earth surface and atmosphere occupied by living organisms which include interactions between different ecosystems

Efficiency of energy transfer in terrestrial ecosystem of tropical rainforest and aquatic ecosystem of lake

16.1 Natural and artificial selection

16.2 Speciation

variation

continuous

discontinuous

natural selection

disruptive

directional

stabilising

isolation

genetic drift

hybridisation

adaptive radiation

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Natality

Mortality

Biotic potential

Migration

Population growth

Survivorship

Characteristics of populations

Survivorship curves

K-strategies / R-strategies

S growth

J growth

Type II

Type III

Type I

Carrying capacity and sustainable development

Factors limiting the population size and distribution

Quadrant and line transect sampling methods

Sampling parameters and population size of organisms

Frequency

Density

Absolute and relative estimations

Pattern of distribution of organisms in an ecosystem