Behavior: Student are talking during a lesson, or can't sit still.

Behavior: Students talking over the teacher, disrupting the class, Not raising their hand, fighting with others, etc

Theory according to Watson:
Belief that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. Is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shapes our behaviors. This school of thought suggests that only observable behaviors should be studied, since internal states such as cognitions, emotions and moods are too subjective. According to his theory, individuals are born without built-in knowledge. Everybody learns through experience, perception and parental guidance.

Behavior: Student is disruptive during circle time on the carpet. (Jackie)

Behavior: Being impatient and interrupting other students in the classroom

Behavior: Students are not responding to the teacher during transitions. (Jackie)

Behavior:
Seeking for attention, calling out, not following directions and being defiance

Theory according to Thorndike: Thorndike's behavioral theory states that learning is a result of the connection between stimuli (actions) and results (praise or consequences). Through this process, habits can become strengthened or weakened.

Theory according to Pavlov: Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning states that a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus can be learned to be associated with each to produce a desired outcome.

Example: Pavlov's research assistants would always wear white lab coats to feed Pavlov's dogs. Eventually, the dogs would start salivating in response to seeing the research assistants' white lab coats, which the dogs had come to associate with the presentation of food.

Example: Thorndike had a cat that was placed in a puzzle box. The cat eventually learned that they would have to press a lever (action) to exit the box (result).

Theory according to Skinner: Operant conditioning relies on positive/negative reinforcement and punishment. Skinner demonstrated that by manipulating the rewards and punishments in the environment, a behavior can be learned (and unlearned)

Theory according to Lev Vygotsky:

Vygotsky's theory of thought and language is culturally and environmentally based. He stresses that the culture changes the private and public behavior of the individual.
Also, Vygotsky mentioned that the child needs to reach the Zone of Proximal.
This is an important concept that relates to the difference between what a child can achieve independently and what a child can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. For behavior management, the child needs to learn how to self-regulate with the guide of the MKO. In addition, Vygotsky also believe that language plays a very important role of social interaction.

Example 1: Classical conditioning is a technique used in behavioral training in which a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response.When the teacher rings the bell to notify students recess time is over, or when the teacher uses a behavior clip chart and moves it up or down based on the students behavior. The teacher receives an instant response from the students because they have been conditioned to use the chart for classroom management.

Examples 1:
A behavior that the student is seeking our for attention. Whenever the teacher gives instruction to the class, the student will call out "I know, it's so easy" but the truth is he does not know and he wants the rest of the students to think that he is smart and he will have more friends.

Theory according to Piaget: Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory and behavior management proposed that a child’s knowledge is composed of basic units of knowledge, that understand past experiences and learn new ones. In Piaget’s theory, an important process in cognition is the ability to taken in new information and relate to it something they already know. He termed this process as assimilation. Simultaneously, another complementary process in behavior management also known as accommodation takes place when basic units of knowledge change to accommodate new knowledge. Piaget says an ongoing to attempt to achieve equilibrium between these two is when cognitive development is achieved. Cognitive behavior management and development is the construction of thought processes. Meaning, it includes memory, problem-solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. Cognitive abilities are brain-based skills that we need as individuals to carry out any task from the simplest to the most complex. Critically, cognitive development and behavior management is closely linked. Cognitive development covers areas of Information processing, intelligence, reasoning, language development and memory.

Solutions for the classroom: Use a bell, music or clap (netural stimulus) to signal students that a transition is occurring (unconditioned stimulus) and that they need to move on to the next activity. This must be continuously practiced until students associate the bell, music or clap with immediately transitioning.

Solutions for the classroom: Give praise and/or use a reward system for the student to encourage positive behavior. Or have the student sit at their classroom table seat until they are ready to join the group again.

Example 2: Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence. The teacher uses Class Dojo to create a point/reward system in the class. Students are made aware at the start of the school year how many points they need to earn specific prizes throughout the school year. They can also receive minus points. The teacher highlights good and bad behavior so they are aware of them. Students who don't get enough points, don't receive prizes at the end of each week.

Example 1: In the process of assimilation the teacher implements a new call and response for the students to learn when they're talking during a lesson. The students already know what a call and response is, but now they will associate this call and response to signal them to quiet down. Hand motions and gestures can be used as well.

Solutions:
Before implementing any strategies, teachers and student support team might want to find out the reason why students are behaving this way. If it is because of the environment and the culture change, then these strategies might work for this students.

• Meet up with the parents to talk about partnership (MKO)
• Talk to the counselor to give the students more support
• Talk to the student if they need time or space
• Give the student time to adapt to the new environment
• MKO - Model a positive behavior in the classroom

Example 2) Ask a behavioral psychologist to help observe and evaluate his/her/their behavior to identify the environmental factors that may reinforce the tantrum(environmental variables).

Example 3) Communicate with parents about the students' behavior so that teacher and parents can work as a team:

-provide learning environment that the child feel safe and respected

Example 2: In the process of accommodation the teacher realizing her students are squirmy, decides to take a quick break to have them do a dance and freeze or Go Noodle exercise. Once her students have mastered old videos, she introduces them to new ones so they can develop cognitively through song and movement.