Articulation disorder – inability to form certain word sounds.
Fluency disorder – affects the speed, flow, and rhythm of speech. Stuttering and cluttering are examples of fluency disorders.
Resonance disorders –– this disorder occurs when there’s an obstruction to the airflow in the nasal cavities responsible for voice quality. Resonance disorders are often associated with cleft palate, neurological disorders, and swollen tonsils.
Receptive disorders – difficulty in understanding what people are saying. Autism, hearing loss, other language disorders, and head injury can lead to a receptive disorder.
Expressive disorders – difficulty expressing themselves. Expressive disorders are associated with developmental impairments such as, Down Syndrome and hearing loss. Head trauma or a medical condition can also lead to expressive disorder.
Aphasia – trouble speaking and understanding others. This affects one’s ability to read and write. Stroke and other brain disorders can cause aphasia.
Dysarthria– characterized as slow and slurred speech due to inability to control muscles that are used for speech. Dysarthria is commonly caused by nervous system disorders that cause facial paralysis or throat and tongue weakness such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and stroke.
Cognitive-communication disorders – difficulty in communicating due to head injury that affects the part of the brain that controls one’s ability to think. Cognitive-communication disorders can be caused by abnormal brain development, neurological condition, brain injury, or stroke Common result of cognitive-communication disorders are memory issues, difficulty in speaking or listening, trouble with problem solving.
