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Introduction to Computer Technologies, computer-hardware-2625895-final-v1…
Introduction to Computer Technologies
Computer Definition
A multipurpose electronic device that able to
• Process the data according to instructions
• Produce results (output)
• Store the data or results for other use
• Accept data (input)
Types of computer
Terminals
Supercomputers
Game Devices
Servers
Personal Computers
Stick Computer
Mobile Computers & Devices
Wearable Technology
Embedded Computers
Computer Systems
Hardware
Any parts of the computer that has a physical
structure
Example: CPU, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, SSD, HDD
Software
A collection of instructions that tells the computer
how to perform tasks
Example: Google Chrome, Mozilla, Microsoft Office, Windows
Operates based on Information Processing
Cycle (IPOS) model
All computer systems operates
based on the information
processing cycle called the
IPOS model
Computer Architecture
The conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system
System Design
Includes all the hardware parts – such as CPU, data processors,
multiprocessors, memory controllers, and direct memory access
Instruction Set Architecture
Includes the CPU'S function and capabilities, programming language, data formats, processor register types and instructions used by computer programmers
Microarchitecture
Defines the data processing and storage element/ data path and how they should be implemented into the ISA
Computer Evolution
1st Generation Computer Using Vacuum Tubes(1946-1959)
Harvard Mark I
The colossus
Atanasoff Berry Computer
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC)
Z1
Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
2nd Generation Computer Using Transistors (1959 - 1965)
Transistorized Airborne Digital Computer has 800 transistors
It is first computer used for operation in an aircraft
3rd Generation Computer Using Integrated Circuit
(1964 - 1971)
The IBM 360
Integrated Circuit (IC) are even smaller, faster, more reliable and less expensive
Created by American engineer Jack S. Kilby in 1958
4th Generation Computer Using Microprocessors
(1971 - 1980)
Used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits, where it consist of 5000 transistors
Created by Marcian Edward Hoff Jr
1 chip = 2,300 transistors
Example: Xerox Alto, Xerox Star, MITS Altair 8800
After many years until today
Apple Macintoshad in 1984
IBM PC in 1981
Microsoft Windows 1.0 in 1985
Today Computer Technologies
3D Printing
AR, VR, MR
Wearables
Drones and Robots
Brain Computer interface
Haptic
Air-based gestures
Created by Alend Harrick Lukas (73318)
