Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Research Methods - Coggle Diagram
Research Methods
Ethical Issues
-
Respect - Informed consent, confidentiality, withdrawal
Responsibility - Debriefing, protection from harm
-
-
Informed consent - Before the study begins the researcher must outline to the participants what the research is about, and then ask their consent (i.e. permission) to take part.
Confidentiality - Participants, and the data gained from them must be kept anonymous unless they give their full consent. No names must be used in a lab report.
Withdrawal - Participants should be able to leave a study at any time if they feel uncomfortable. They should also be allowed to withdraw their data. They should be told at the start of the study that they have the right to withdraw.
Protection from harm - Researchers must ensure that those taking part in research will not be caused distress. They must be protected from physical and mental harm. This means you must not embarrass, frighten, offend or harm participants.
Debriefing - After the research is over the participant should be able to discuss the procedure and the findings with the psychologist. They must be given a general idea of what the researcher was investigating and why, and their part in the research should be explained. Participants must be told if they have been deceived and given reasons why. They must be asked if they have any questions and those questions should be answered honestly and as fully as possible.
Deception - This is where participants are misled or wrongly informed about the aims of the research.
Awareness of professional ethics - Work within our own capabilities within the limits of your knowledge and skills
Non-Experimental Methods
-
Self-report - Where people tell you about themselves, through an interview or by filling in some sort of questionnaire
Case studies - Where one person or a small group of people are studied very intensely, and lots of information is gathered about them
Correlations - Where two pieces of information are collected (often using a self report) than analysed to see if there is a relationship between them
Types of Data
-
-
-
Secondary data - Data that is collected by someone else, but is then used by the researcher
Sampling methods
-
Opportunity sampling - anyone who is available and agrees to take part can become a participant. E.g. Students at college, your family or friends, people who are walking by you in the street.
-
-
Volunteer sample - Participants choose to take part, e.g. people who return questionnaires, or volunteer to take part in a study (such as responding to a newspaper advertisement).
-
-
Snowball sampling - The researcher finds a couple of participants who fit the target population, and then asks them to find similar people who also fit the target population, e.g. their friends, to also take part.
-
-
Experimental Methods
-
Field Experiment - Where variables are manipulated in a less controlled, real world setting
-