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THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION, reforms, image, image, image, image, image,…
THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
CAUSES
The church's wealth
had extensive lands, obtain income from the veneration of holy relics, saints and the Virgin Mary
high clergy lived a life of luxury
The buying and selling of ecclesiastical positions
provide an income and economic rights
The bad example set by the high clergy
not respect the customs or morals
the top of the hierarchy occupy positions for their own gain
The sale of indulgences
when the church needed money
sell indulgences (believers are forgiven for their sins)
The low clergy's lack of training
church hierarchy not give importance to the training of priests
peasant revolts demanded
religious
economic
humanists denounced bad practices
no action taken
LUTHER'S BREAK FROM ROME
Created the Lutheran doctrine
Forgiveness and salvation depend on faith and God's will
not on the good deeds a person does in life
Rejection of
Virgin Mary
saints
holy relics
sacraments (except baptism and Eucharist)
Free interpretation of the Bible
anyone could read and interpret the Bible in their own way
translated the holy book into various languages
Opposition to the Church owning property (wanted the nobles to take over the Church's possessions)
German priest Martin Luther scandalised by the amount of corruption in the Church
published 95 Theses in 1517
criticising bad practices by the ecclesiastical hierarchy
THE SPREAD OF THE REFORMATION
new doctrines
Calvinism
John Calvin, French theologian
Geneva, Switzerland
beliefs
predestination
people destined for salvation or damnation from birth
spread across Switzerland, England, Scotland, France and the north of the Low Countries
Anglican Church
1534 broke with the Catholic Church and the Act of Supremacy passed
Pope didn't consent King Henry VIII to divorce Catherine of Aragón (the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs)
appointed himself head of the Church
Reformed Church
city of Zurich
Ultricht Zwingli, Swiss pastor
beliefs
propose abolishing religious imagery and celibacy (on priests)
rejected the authority of the Pope
Lutheranism spread rapidly across northern Europe
reforms
.
.
OIHANE TXARROALDE 26, 3.A
