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Ch10 Lipids - Coggle Diagram
Ch10 Lipids
Arachidonic Acid Derivatives
as Signaling Lipids
prostaglandins (inflammation and fever)
thromboxanes (formation of blood clots)
leukotrienes (smooth muscle contraction in lungs)
分類
非極性
Triacylglycerols [三酸甘油酯]
主要功能 : 儲存能量
:warning:非形成membrane
Less soluble in water than fatty acids [因為esterification 酯化反應]
Waxes [蠟]
特性
具高熔點 [因為皆 long-chain]
形成
long-chain
飽和/不飽和脂肪酸 +
long-chain
alcohols[醇]
功能
plankton[浮游生物] : storage of metabolic fuel
vertebrates [脊椎動物] : hair and skin →protection and pliability[易曲折,柔軟]
birds feathers : waterproof
plants and ivy : protection from evaporation
lotions, ointments, polishes
Honeycomb [蜂巢]
極性
Phosphatidylcholine
Glycerophospholipids
Ether Lipids
Vinyl ether analog of phosphatidylethanolamine
Platelets-Activating Factor
Sphingolipids
The backbone of sphingolipids is NOT glycerol
amide linkage
Sterols and Cholesterol
特性
steroid nucleus: four fused rings
hydroxyl group (polar head) in the A-ring
various nonpolar side chains
Many hormones are derivatives of sterols
Sphingomyelin
myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cells
Glycosphingolipids and Blood Groups
type of sugars located on the head groups
N-acetylgalactosamine group have A blood group.
galactose group have B blood group
Phospholipids are degraded by phospholipases A−D
Vitamin A (Retinol) is Derived
from β-carotene
Vitamins E, K, and Other Lipid Quinones
Are Antioxidants
Biologically Active Lipids
signaling molecules between nearby cells
Lipid-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
特性
low solubility in water [hydrophobic]
功能
Cofactors[輔因子] for enzymes
vit.K [blood clot formation]
coenzyme Q [ATP synthesis in mitochondria]
Signaling molecules [訊息傳遞]
steroid[類固醇] hormones :warning:[全身性]
growth factors
vit.A and vit.D [hormone precursors前驅物]
paracrine[旁分泌] hormones :warning: [區域性]
Membrane structure
Pigments [色素]
Water repellant
ex:prevent evaporation
Insulation from environment
can continue “absorb” heat [高熱容量]
can absorb shocks [保護/緩衝作用]
low thermal conductivity [低熱傳導]
Antioxidants [抗氧化劑]
ex: vit.E
Buoyancy control and acoustics in marine mammals [hyperthesis]
storage of energy [reduced compounds]
分類
contain fatty acids
storage lipids
membrane lipids
fatty acids
分類
unsaturated
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated [不只一個雙鍵]
Trans fatty acids
形成
1 more item...
特性
1 more item...
Saturated
特性
C數越高
熔點越高
在 water + benzene(苯) 溶解度越低
雙鍵越多
熔點越低 [因為雙鍵易被破壞→吸引力弱→易被破壞]
Carboxylic acids [羧酸] + hydrocarbon chains [4~36個C]
natural fatty acids
even [偶數]個C
unbranched [完全直線型]
命名
delta numbering
ex:18:1Δ9 [從前面數]
omega numbering
ex: 18:1ω9 [從後面數]
ex : Omega-3 fatty acids
ALA, DHA, EPA
do not contain fatty acids
ex:cholesterol, vitamins,pigments, etc.