Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Food and health - Coggle Diagram
Food and health
Possible Solutions for Food Insecurity
Reduce food waste
Improve trade policies
Is in the 17 Sustainable Development goals
Work Towards Defeating Climate Change
Improve Existing Infrastructural Programs
Case study: North Korea
Hunger effects on a country
Weather conditions
Does not have a way to secure food for everyone
Case study: Somalia
Country with the highest GHI score 50.8
Conflicts
Somalian pirates
Case study: Angola
Case study: Ethiopia
The influenc of transnacionals in food consumption
Gender roles
Male
Female
World health organization (WHO)
World food program
GMO's in Food Production
GMO cons
Is not know the future consequences
because of GMO consume
May increase antibiotic resistance
May cause allergic reactions
GMO pros
May have less pesticides
Are usually cheaper
Extra resilient to pests or weather
Usually have more nutrients
Extra fast growing
Vertical Farming
Vitro Meat
Global nutrition/food indicators
Malnutrition Indicators
Food security index (FSI)
Measured by
Quality and safety
Food safety
Protein quality
Micronutrient availability
Nutritional standards
Diversification of diets
Availability
Food Loss
Urban absorption capacity
Corruption
Political instability
Volatility of agricultural production
Agricultural infrastructure
Global expense on agricultural research and development
Supply sufficiency
Affordability
Presence of net programs for food safety
Access to financing for farmers
Agricultural import tariffs
Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP)
Proportion of population under the poverty line
Food consumption as a share of household expenses
“the state in which people at all times have physical, social and economic access to sufficient and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for a healthy and active life"
Chronic and period hunger
Period Hunger = Short term
Chronic = Long term
Conflict, war, famine, drought,...
800 million people
Poorest countries have most of them
Malnourished
Consumes less proteins and calories that she needs to maintain health
Malnutrition
Bad health because of lack of food
Global Hunger Index (GHI)
Focus on young children
International Food Policy Research Institute
0 to 100 point scale
Calculated by
Mortality rate of children under five years
Proportion of undernourished* children in the population
Proportion of children under five years that suffers from stunting*
Proportion of children under five years that suffers from wasting*
100 -> Extreme alarming hunger
0 -> No hunger
World produces enough to feed everyone
more than 3000 calories per person per day
Not equallly distrubuited
Food Waste on richer countries
More profit
Send the remains to people in need
throw away
Is more profitable to throw away them
Global patterns in health indicators
Life Expectancy
Average number of years expected to a perosn to live
Others indicators influence it
AIDS
Infant mortality rate
Maternal mortality rate
Accessibility to sanitization
Access of physicians (or doctors)
Future health and food security and sustainability
Water footprint
Measure of fresh water poulted and consumed
Decrease its waste
Have more public policies
Organic agriculture
Eat more locally grown food
Variations in food consumption
Varies from cultures and places
e.g
Brazilian beef meat is very populr locally, but would offend an Indian person beacues of the difference in culture and geographic localization
Brazilian food "Pão de Queijo"
Certain ailments are only avaliable in certain countreis
Difussion of diseases
When a disease reach a new location
Concepts
Expansion Diffusion
Spreads to a new location
Frictional Effect of Distance
The closest to the epicenter of the disease, more prominet a place is to get it
Relocation diffusion
Perosn carries the disease to a new place
Herd Immunity
Most people adquire a immunity, practiacally extinguishing it
High risk areas
Contagious Diffusion
Covid 2020 pandemic
Vector-borne diseases
Diseases that are dependant on another living being (excluding humans) to transmit itself)
Malaria
Salmonella
Dengue
Water-borne disease
Diseases that are dependant on another water transportation
Typhoid Fever
Cholera
Giardia
Dysentery
Energy efficiency
Use minimum energy to do something
Less pollution
Crop and livestock
Measuring food and health
Nutrition transition
Economic development
Epidemiological transition
Stages
Era of receding pandemics
Era of human-induced and degenerative diseases.
Era of pestilence and famine
Diseases of poverty
Associated with poor countries
Malaria, malnutritio and river sickness
Already have a technology that defeats the dessease but poor countries do not have acess to it.
Bad health caracteristics
Poor diet
Poor Hygiene
Water-borne parasites and bacterias
poor public health facilities
Lack of education
VERY contagious
Nutrition transition
Collecting Food → Nomadies;
Famine Begins → food cultivation begins
Receding Famine
Industrialization promotes more comsuption and a more equal salary, making food distribution also more even
Degenerative Disease
Food that are high in fat, cholesterol, sugar and refined carbohydrates start to be consume
Behavioral Change
People start to do more exercise, diets and consume more healthy aliments
Demographic transition
Opposite from
Food systems and spread of diseases
Managing Diseases
Risk of spread
Capacity to contain
Risk of emergence
Case Study: Covid 19
Stakeholders in Food and Health