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THE SPANISH HABSBURG DYNASTY - Coggle Diagram
THE SPANISH HABSBURG DYNASTY
THE RELIGIOUS WARS
In the 16th century
Spanish Monarchy became the most powerful in Europe
Carlos V, or Carlos I of Spain
reigned from 1516 to 1556
His son, Felipe II
took over the throne from 1556 to 1598
Both
attempted to exert absolute political authority over Europe
belonged to the Habsburg dynasty
maintained and expanded the administrative system
established by the Catholic Monarchs
It consisted of different councils
pursued similar political objectives
To retain their territorial patrimony
through numerous wars against other kingdoms
in some cases various wars at the same time
they became indebted to Italian and German bankers
because
the riches obtained from the Americas
were not sufficient to finance their foreign policies
To defend Catholicism
They took measures
to preserve religious unity both in
their territories
the whole of Europe
Discriminatory domestic policy
Those who questioned Catholicism were repressed
humanists
Protestants
they published the Index of forbidden books
concept of limpieza de sangre (purity of blood)
to prevent the conversos (converted)
Descendants of
2 more items...
from gaining access to public positions
Outside Spain
they began religiously motivated wars
against the Protestant states.
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY IN THE 16TH CENTURY
The economy prospered due to
the riches obtained from the Americas
silver
Gold
Port of Sevilla
Monopolised trade with the colonies
through the Casa de Contratación
Thanks to it
the population increased
the cities grew
Fleet system
To protect the ships from pirate attacks
Organised by Felipe II
voyages between the Americas and Sevilla
escorted by warships
Precious metals on Spain affected the Spanish Monarchy
It enabled the kings to finance the numerous wars
throughout Europe
the majority of this wealth ended up outside the Iberian Peninsula
It enriched the nobility
They spent them on luxury products
They did not invest in production
it would
improve the economy
generate wealth
the majority of the population became poorer
The craft industry began to grow
due to an increase in demand from the American territories
rise in prices in Spanish products
cheaper to buy them abroad
Monarchs could wage more expensive projects
they had more resources
if resources ran out
Monarchs increased taxes
collected from
peasants
the bourgeoisie
Privileged classes did not pay them
Church
Nobility
The economy continued to be based on agriculture
majority of the population became extremely vulnerable
when harvests were bad
At the end of the 16th century
Spanish economy went into decline
deeply affected society
The number of people who had to beg to survive increased
many joined the clergy to escape poverty
Only small local craft industries
were able to survive
supplied the limited domestic demand
The major industries
such as
Castilian wool industry
the Crown of Aragón's textile industry
could not compete with those from abroad
This fall in production
affected trade
fewer raw materials were
sold
bought
number of products manufactured decreased
SPANISH'S MONARCHY MILITARY SUPREMACY
large army of professional mercenary soldiers
Tercio
It helped to achieve many military victories
an infantry that marched in a closed formation
It consisted of various types of soldiers
who went into battle alternately
were constantly on the move between
the Mediterranean
central Europe
It was called the Spanish Road
enclaves situated between Italy and the Low Countries
passed through Savoy and Franche-Comté
Soldiers
pikemen
attacked the cavalry charges with pikes
a long weapon with a pointed head
arquebusiers
fired guns from close range
musketeers
fired from medium range
