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Elizabethan England Revision - Coggle Diagram
Elizabethan England Revision
Poverty
Deserving poor
Also known as the "Impotent Poor". These were people who were unable to provide for themselves. Government was sympathetic to them.
Undeserving/idle poor
They were seen as a major threat to social order.
Seen as dishonest, referred to as "vagabonds" and the "sturdy beggars".
Saw as lazy, criminals.
Puritans saw them as "sinful".
Government was worried about possible rebellion.
Blamed for spread for disease.
During Elizabeth's reign, England's population went from 2.8 million to 4 million.
More people meant more people trying to get jobs and food meaning competition.
Bad harvests between 1594 and 1598 led to food shortages and starvation.
This meant an increase in food prices.
Poor law was introduced in 1601 - Taxation to support poor.
This was an act for the relief of the poor.
Exploration
John Hawkins
1532 - 1595. His father was a wealthy ship builder and he was a navigator. He was also famous slave trader and was cousins with Sir Francis Drake.
Sir Walter Raleigh
Born 22st January in 1554 to a protestant family in Devon.
Mp in Devonshire 1585 and 1586
At court he rose rapidly to become a favourite of Elizabeth
He was dismissed from court in 1592 when he secretly married Elizabeth's lady-in-waiting.
Elizabeth granted him a royal charter to explore new land.
Played a key role in exploring the New World and colonising North America.
Served as Governor of Jersey from 1600 to 1603.
Sir Francis Drake
Most famous seaman of Elizabeth's reign.
Grew up as a puritan.
Attacked by Spanish, lost 4 ships and hundreds of men.
In 1572 he captured £40,000 worth of Spanish silver when he attacked Spanish treasure ships travelling from Mexico and Peru, as well as capturing the Spanish port of Nombre de Dias in Panama.
After this, the Spaniards referred to him as El Draque, meaning "the dragon".
Drake started planning his next voyage, financed by a powerful group of people at court, including Elizabeth and Cecil.
Drake set sail again in 1577, when he returned nearly 3 years later he had circumnavigated the globe. He was the first Englishmen to ever do so and only 2nd person to do so in the world.
He returned with around £400,000 worth of treasure captured from the Spanish.
The Golden Age
Fashion
The Sumptuary Laws outlined the types of clothing and colours that could be worn depending on a person's position in society
The ruff was particularly popular. The bigger the ruff meaning the more wealthy you were.
Higher classes also wore materials like velvet, satin, and furs
Architecture
The "Great Rebuilding" saw houses incorporating glass windows, chimneys, and beautiful gardens. This showed the owner's wealth and reflected the Renaissance styles of the time.
New houses often built to impress and host Elizabeth while on progress.
Hardwick Hall
Longleat House
Theatre
Elizabeth herself was a fan of the theatre and used it as a tool of propaganda.
She made it popular since a lot of people wanted to be like her so decided to support it too.
She also had The Master of The Revels which had the ability to censor plays if she thought that they were going to affect her image by mocking her.
The first theatre, The Theatre, opened in 1577
The Globe Theatre held its first showing in 599
The theatres had levels which reflected a person's social standing.
To stand in the pits - 1 penny
Galleries - 2-3 pennies
A cushion - 1 penny
Higher ranking members of society would sit in the Lords room, which cost 6 pennies or even have a seat on the stage.
Literature
Shakespeare and Christopher Marlow were big writers of the time.
A popular book was John Foxe's "Book of Martyrs" - Published in 1563.
This book supported Elizabeth and this is where Mar's reputation as "Bloody Mary" came from
Art
Cult of "Gloriana" developed to make Elizabeth an object of worship
Elizabeth shown in paintings as "angel-like", as she was thought to be appointed by God.
Gentry
The gentry were middle-class, commonly being wealthy landowners but not a high enough class to be considered nobility.
Average income was between £10 and £200 per year whereas nobility had an average of £6000 a year which is around £1 million today.
How did they rise to power?
They had increasing wealth due to growth in trade and exploration, this helped gentry families make their fortunes.
The Tudors also had suspicion of the old nobility which meant that they could take their spot.
The dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII meant that there was more land available for the gentry to buy.