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Animal Rights - Coggle Diagram
Animal Rights
Equal Rights for Animals
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"I am urging that we extend to other species the basic principle of equality that most of us recognise should be extended to all members of our own species"
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Singer argues that non-human animals display these qualities e.g. Washoe the chimpanzee was taught to use sign language and make sentences and was able to recognise her reflection
Whales, dolphins, cats, dogs and pigs are all rational and self-conscious. Therefore, they are 'persons'
Fish, in Singer's opinion are conscious but not persons and therefore the case against killing them is weaker
Fish= not person, not guilty of specism
"killing a chimpanzee is worse than killing a human being who because of a congenital intellectual disability is not and can never be a person"
Tom Regan
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"if they have beliefs and desires; perception, memory, and a sense of the future, including their own future"
normally mental mammals over a year old satisfy the conditions, including most human beings
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General
Intrinsic value- idea that a being has value in its own right. Their value is not dependent on how they benefit others
Instrumental value- idea that a being's value is dependent on how they benefit others. People who hold the view that animals only have instrumental value have an anthropocentric attitude towards them
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Speciesism
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expression of stubborn preference for beings of one's own kind and a clear prejudice against those of another kind
"Racists of European descent typically have not accepted that pain matters as much when it is felt by Africans, for example, as when it is felt by Europeans. Similarly, those I would call 'speciesist' give greater weight to the interests of members of their own species when there is a clash between their interests and the interests of those other species"
it is perfectly natural that we are likely to give greater weight to the interests of human beings over animals