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How to make Effective Soap - Coggle Diagram
How to make Effective Soap
What is soap
Chemical Formula: C17H35COO
Soaps are sodium or potassium fatty acids that are produced from the hydrolysis of fats in a chemical reaction.
Each soap molecule has a long hydrocarbon chain.
When soap is dissolved in water, it is able to remove dirt from surfaces such as the human ski, textiles, and other solids.
Evolution of Soap
Ancient Mesopotamians, were the first group of people to produce a type of soap from cooking fatty animal acids. The result of their concoction was a greasy and smelly goop that removed dirt.
By the Middle Ages, new vegetable oil based soaps were introduced that smelled and appeared nicer. They were considered luxury in Europe.
In the U.S, there was founding of soap manufacturers, Colgate as an example (1807). After the Civil War, the companies began experiments with coconut oil and palm oil, making soap manufacturing less dependent on animal products.
Today manufactured soaps are created in labs, with synthesized animal fats and plant-based oils that are combined with chemical additives such as moisturizers, conditioners and scents to be more appealing to the consumer.
The pH of soap is important because if it is too high it will strip the skin, cause a tight feeling and leave it red and raw.
How to make soap
Soap is made through a process of saponification. This process is when a lye (a mix of sodium or potassium hydroxide with water) is mixed with oils, fats and butters to turn the oils into salts.
Mixing water and sodium hydroxide as an example is the first step for making soap, this is creating the lye. Stirring until all of it is dissolved, this is the first chemical reaction, heating the water to boiling point producing strong fumes.
The mixed lye needs to cool which takes time.
A way to test if a soap is lye heavy, touch bar soap to the tongue, if the tongue zaps similar if a battery touched the tongue, it is lye heavy.
synonyms
successful
helpful
practical
efficacious
Types of Soaps
Scented Soap
Plain Soap
Antibacterial Soap
Antibacterial soap is no more effective than plain soap, in regards to killing germs. For it to have an effect, leave on the hands for more than 2 minutes.
Liquid Soap
Bar Soap
Substances that also posses cleaning properties alike soap
Sub genre of Soap: Hand Sanitiser (possesses cleaning properties
Ethanol
Bleach
Detergent
Boiling Water
Liquid Soap is the most effective soap of cleaning hands
This soap does not spread germs from one person to another. Liquid soap also has moisturizing elements.
Liquid soap requires potassium hydroxide.
An ineffective soap is bar soap
Germs can grow on bar soap, spreading to each person that uses it. Can not be used in public places.
In bar soap-making, the lye is sodium hydroxide
Effective: successful in producing a desired of intended result.
Pin-shaped soap molecules have an end that bonds with water (hydrophilic head), the other end bonds with oils and fats (hydrophobic tail.)
When building up soapy foam, the molecules help lift up dirt and other germs from the skin, the water simply washes it away.
Bar soap helps by dissolving the dirt on someone's skin. As sweat and dirt mix with the body's natural oils it can settle on the skin breeding bacteria. Bar soap break the oily layer removing the pathogens from the skin.