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Biomolecules, - Coggle Diagram

- - - - It functions as a solvent
      - It has a high specific heat of vaporisation
      - It has a high heat capacity
      - These are when the negative oxygen (delta-minus) and positive hydrogen (delta-plus) attract
      - Hydrogen bonds can also form with OH, C=O and >N-H groups
    - - They bind the surface together tightly, increasing surface tension
      - They link together when water flows, causing cohesion and adhesion
      - It's a powerful solvent due to hydrogen bonds being attracted to solutes
      - Water molecules are highly attracted to each other and thus have a high specific heat of vaporisation and specific heat capacity
- - - - (1,4) beta-glucose polymer
      - Held together by microfibrils
      - Nonbranched chain
  - - - Amylose
        
        (1,4) alpha-glucose polymer
        
        Nonbranching chain
      - Amylopectin
        
        Similar to amylose
        
        Has a (1,6) bond every 20-30 (1,4) bonds
        
        A good source of energy because it has so many open ends
        
        Branching chain
    - - Very branched structure
      - Very good source of fast energy
      - (1,4) alpha-glucose polymer with (1,6) bonds
      - (1,6) bond every 8-12 (1,4) bonds
      - Structurally similar to amylopectin
- - - - SIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUu
- - - - Formed from condensation reaction
      - 3 Fatty acids + Glycerol --> Tryglycerides + Water
      - Non-polar hydrophobic properties, allows them to clump together
      - Fatty acids have long hydrocarbon 'tails'
      - Bond formed are ester bonds
      - Saturated and Unsaturated
        
        Saturated
        
        Have no double bonds (C=C)
        
        Unsaturated
        
        Have one or more double bonds (C=C)
    - - Energy source and metabolic water source
      - Fats as a buoyancy acid
      - Waterbroofing of hair and feathers
      - Electrical insulation
    - - The phosphate group is hydrophilic (water-loving) and makes the head of a phospholipid molecule hydrophilic, although the two remaining tails are still hydrophobic.
      - Phospholipids are a special type of lipid. Each molecule has the unusual property of having one end which is soluble in water.
- - - - To form peptide bond a hydroxyl (-OH) is lost from a carboxylic group of one amino acid and along with a hydrogen atom is lost from an amine group of another amino acid
      - Formed via condensation rection
    - - monomers of protein
      - Amine group -NH(subscript)2
      - R group decides amino acid properties