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Cardiovascular
Disease - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular
Disease
-
Atheroma
-
risk factors increasing
likelihood:
- smoking
- lack of exercise
- too much salt
- stress
- high blood cholesterol
levels
Development
Process
step 1
- squamous endothelial cells lining artery
lumen damaged
- by toxins in tobacco smoke/high blood pressure
step 2
- following damage, atheroma builds up within wall
beneath endothelium
- Macrophages migrate from blood into damaged a
artery wall
- involved accumulation of materials within wall
(cholesterol, dead muscle cells, salts, fibrous tissue)
step 3
- as increase in size + toughness
- bulge into lumen
- cause narrowing that restricts blood flow
- causes artery less elastic + less able to
regulate blood flow through vasodilation/constriction
hardening + narrowing of
arteries tend to raise blood
pressure further + forming more
atheroma + plaques
-
Thrombosis
-
can happen anywhere but most problematic in:
- narrow arteries (coronary artery in heart)
- arteries narrowed/damaged as result atheroma
Coronary
thrombosis
-
-
if occurs near tip of coronary
artery = heart attack (myocardial infraction)
occurs as large area of heart affected
Angiography
-
can diagnose:
- coronary heart disease
- aneurysm (vessel burst)
- atherosclerosis
several types depending on
area of body:
- cerebral - head+neck
- coronary - heart
- pulmonary - lungs
- extremity - arms+legs
- kidneys - renal
Procedure
- small plastic tube (sheath)
placed into artery
- catheter (long thin flexible tube)
inserted through sheath onto artery
examined
- contrast agent injected through
catheter + series X-rays taken - allow
map of arteries to be created
-