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Antineoplastic drugs : Antineoplastic-Drugs-2 - Coggle Diagram
Antineoplastic drugs :
Altretamine
Generic name
Altretamine
Trade name
Hexalen
Other names
Hexamethylmelamine, HMM
Drug type
Altretamine is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug.This medication is classified as an "alkylating agent
Mechanism of action
The precise mechanism by which altretamine exerts its cytotoxic effect is unknown although it is classified as an alkylating anti-neoplastic agent. Through this mechanism, the drug is metabolized into alkylating agents by N-demethylation. These alkylating species consequently damage tumor cells.
Indications
capsules is indicated for use as a single agent in the palliative treatment of patients with persistent or recurrent ovarian cancer following first-line therapy with a cisplatin and/or alkylating agent-based combination.
Nursing considerations
Route administration
for 14 or 21 days in row
It is usually taken four times a day
Altretamine comes as a capsule to take by mouth
Storage conditions
Store it at room temperature (25°C).
Side effects
skin rash
dizziness
unusual tiredness or weakness
pale skin
loss of appetite
nausea
vomiting
Contraindications
capsules should not be employed in patients with preexisting severe bone marrow depression or severe neurologic toxicity.
Altretaminecapsules is contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to it.
report signs of hepatotoxicity including abdominal pain, severe nausea and vomiting, yellow skin or eyes, fever, sore throat, malaise, weakness, facial edema, lethargy, and unusual bleeding or bruising.
Instruct patient or family and caregivers to report severe or unexpected GI reactions
Busulfan
Trade name
Busulfex
Other name
Myleran
Mechanism of action
Busulfan is an alkylating agent that contains 2 labile methanesulfonate groups attached to opposite ends of a 4-carbon alkyl chain. Once busulfan is hydrolyzed, the methanesulfonate groups are released and carbonium ions are produced.
These carbonium ions alkylate DNA, which results in the interference of DNA replication and RNA transcription, ultimately leading to the disruption of nucleic acid function. Specifically, its mechanism of action through alkylation produces guanine-adenine intrastrand crosslinks.
These crosslinks occur through a SN2 reaction guanine N7 nucleophilically attacks the carbon adjacent to the mesylate leaving group. This kind of damage cannot be repaired by cellular machinery and thus the cell undergoes apoptosis.
Indications
For use in combination with cyclophosphamide as a conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous (myeloid, myelocytic, granulocytic) leukemia (FDA has designated busulfan as an orphan drug for this use). It is also used as a component of pretransplant conditioning regimens in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia and nonmalignant diseases.
Nursing consideration
Ensure the patient has antiemetics before first dose and is also prescribed them regularly for example, domperidone 20mg tds and ondansetron 8mg tds
Contraindications
anemia
significantly decreased activity of the bone marrow
low levels of a type of white blood cell called neutrophils.
low amount of magnesium in the blood.
low amount of potassium in the blood.
Side effects
Black, tarry stools
chest pain
blood in the urine or stools
fast or irregular breathing
fever or chills
Storage conditions
Busulfan Injection must be stored under refrigerated conditions between 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F).
Route administration
Injection 0.8 mg per kg
intravenously via a central venous catheter as a two-hour infusion every six hours for four
References
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00973
https://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Busulfan-1058
