Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Opposition to the Nazi Party, refusal to join nazi organizations (…armed…
Opposition to the Nazi Party
refusal to give the hitler salute
Opposition of the Left
KDP
Electoral support by 6 million votes
Arrest of KDP leader led to more arrests
Leaders who weren't caught, hid and built up opposition
Used leaflets, red banners, and newspaper, no armed insurrection
Anti-Nazi propaganda did little
After August 1939, National Socialists got involved in a friendship agreement with USSR
Resistance was renewed after Hitler attacked the Soviet Union
Industrial sabotage - small and unsuccessful
KDP appeared to defend Moscow's interests than to liberate Germany
SPD
During exile actions similar to KPD
Distributing news-sheets and posting anti-Nazi leaflets
Voted against the Enabling Bill in the Reichstag meeting
Groups emerged inside Germany to carry out and Nazi propaganda
Got arrested
Commitment from SPD supporters went down
Communist
Small groups (size and impact)
Supported the USSR
Attempts to disrupt war production were small and focused on leaflets
Tried passing details of Nazi capabilities to the USSR
incapable of organizing any effective opposition
Youth/student opposition
relatively few individuals
The Edelweiss Pirates & regional variations resisted officially sanctioned Hitler Youth
methods more akin to youthful disobedience than political resistance
leaflets
non-conformist dressing styles
listening to "non-Aryan" music
Munich-based group called "White Rose" called for passive resistance from June 1942 to February 1943
motivated partially by:
1) the horrors of the USSR campaigns against civilians
2) Christian beliefs
→ emphasised need for peace
Many members of the group were arrested, tried, and executed for treason
used for Allied propaganda
circulated flyers
had very limited impact
Military
A group made of conservative military officers and diplomats opposed Hitler's rule
Thought that assassinating Hitler would create an anti-Nazi revolt
In 1944, a bomb in a briefcase was left near Hitler but he survived the blast, the assassination attempt failed and those convicted to be a part of the plot were executed
In 1938, army officers were unhappy about Hitler's plans to invade Czechoslovakia
The plans for the coup were finalized if Hitler were to attack Czechoslovakia
The coup never ended up happening, because the level of support from army officers had dropped significantly since 1938
Action Group Zossen
A group of officers who were also planning a coup and killing Hitler with a bomb, but again the chance was lost and the coup never happened
Catholic Church
Initially aided in Hitlers rise to power
Hitler did not follow through with maintaining catholic power
Began complaining once the repression of catholicism became apparent, little concern for other oppressive aspects of the regime
No properly organised opposition, The Vatican never actively challenged the increasing persecution of minorities
A letter was sent to all of the catholic bishops warning and complaining about the situation, more to do with repression of catholisism than the nazi policies
The encyclical, would have been sent anyway, this time contained criticisms of the lack of adherence to the Concordant
Some individual priests expressed distaste/disapproval while preaching
Individual clerics opposed some aspects, namely euthanasia and sterilization
Protestant Church
Ludwig Müller was elected Reich Bishop by a national synod of the Evangelical church
They were backed up by a group called "German Chirstians"
The group attempted to transform the church into one preaching a German national religion in the service of Nazi state,
Reich Church (Reichskirche)
Evangelical ministers resented and resisted the poltical machinations used to elect Müller
Formed the Confessing Church under the leadership of Martin Niemöller
Mostly resistance to the interference in Church affairs
Resistance to the Nazi-sponsored Reich Church
Rejected the false doctrine of the Reich Church
No outright resistance to the political principles of the Nazis
Most clergy remained silent about the increasing number of Jewish persecutions and the agressive nature of the Nazi expansionism
Majority of pastors and their congregations didn't challenge the political basis of a single-party state that took away civil liberties
Many Chirstians who were torn between resisting the government attempts to control the church and the feelings of patriotism
Opposition was widely condemned even by ordinary Germans, because
1) they were intimidated by the ruthlessness of the regime, and
2) the thought of "betraying the nation" by harming the war effort at a critical stage was unacceptable.
refusal to join nazi organizations (…armed forces)
10 000 imprisoned
250 executed
opposition from jehovah’s witnesses