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Hypertension - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Drugs
        
        Oral contraceptives
        
        Glucocorticoids
      - Renal disease
      - Primary aldosteronism
      - Renovascular hypertension
      - Obstructive sleep apnea
      - Pheochromocytoma
      - Cushing's syndrome
      - Coarctation of aorta
      - Renal artery stenosis
        
        Decreases kidney BP
        
        Kidney releases renin
        
        Activates RAAS to increase BP
  - - - Hyaline arteriosclerosis
        
        Common in benign HTN and diabetes
        
        Homogenous, pink, hyaline thickening of arteriolar walls
        
        Loss of underlying structural detail
        
        Narrowing ----> ischemia
      - Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis
        
        Characteristic of malignant HTN
        
        Concentric laminated thickening arteriolar wall
        
        "Onion skin"
        
        Hyperplasia/hypertrophy of VSMCs
        
        Thickening of basement membrane
        
        Deposition of fibrinoid materials and necrosis of vessel wall
        
        Necrotizing arteriolitis
    - - Accelerates atherosclerosis
  - - - Coronary atherosclerosis
      - LV hypertrophy
        
        LV failure
    - - Intracerebral haemorrhage
        
        Stroke
      - Cerebral infarction
      - Subarachnoid haemorrhage
      - Dementia
    - - Retinal haemorrhage
        
        Impaired vision
      - Vitreous haemorrhage
        
        Retinal detachment
      - Neuropathy of nerves
        
        Extraoccular paralysis/dysfunction
    - - Chronic kidney disease
        
        Benign nephrosclerosis
        
        Kidneys symmetrically atrophic
        
        Finely granular surface
        
        Hyaline arteriosclerosis
        
        Ischaemia
        
        Glomerular sclerosis
        
        Tubular atrophy
        
        Interstitial fibrosis
        
        Malignany nephrosclerosis
        
        Kidneys normal/small
        
        Petechial haemorrhages on surface
        
        Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis
        
        Necrotizing arteriolitis
- - - - Men
      - Postmenopausal women
    - - Diabetes
      - Hyperlipidemia
- - - - Measures/records BP throughout the day
- - - - All patients
        
        ≤ 140/90 mmHg
      - Diabetic patients
        
        ≤ 130/80 mmHg