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Mind Map #4 Livestock and Restoration Agriculture "Restoration…

- - - - (1) calves/ lactating cows/ dry cows
        
        first bite theory- tops of most nutritious plants
        
        Young calves eat first - highest nutrient demand
        
        heaviest then lighter mlik producers, dry cows last
      - (2)Hogs
        
        carnivorous (grubs, worms, roots etc)
        
        plowing behavior
        
        can be followed by planting
        
        breed specific
        
        help keep canopy open by eating woody plats
        
        nose rings can be used to stop rooting behavior
        
        two pigs per cow
      - (3) turkey
        
        eat big seeds, insects(in dung) and grass
        
        used to introduce mineral amendments to pasture using mineral box
        
        low maintenance
        
        two turkeys per hog
      - (4) sheep
        
        weed grazers/ weed control
      - (5) chickens
        
        portable fencing can be difficult to fond
        
        feed and scratch through manure of leaders
        
        simple to raise/ easy to purchase
      - (6) Geese
        
        similar to sheep/ weed control
        
        keep same fencing as chickens
      - (7) goats
        
        high quality meat and dairy
        
        low quality forage
        
        used to manage site by removing economically undesirable plants
        
        fence jumpers
        
        browsers
        
        for experienced farmers
    - - combines livestock and plants
      - open canopy forage system
    - - fencing
        
        need more fence strands for different size animals
        
        a curved fence (to follow contours) uses more fence posts
      - additional handling facilities
      - overwintering
      - mineral toxicity
        
        overdose according to species
      - parasites
        
        inhibit many host species
        
        limited by diverse pasture mix (wormwood, sage family, squash)
      - disease
        
        passed through mouth and nose contact and feces
        
        don't stress animals
        
        keep species separated
        
        clean water availability, watering tanks should be emptied and purged between species
        
        pasture health/ long recovery periods
    - - Higher livestock production
      - Pastures recover quicky, develop deeper root system
      - Economic diversification, market fluctuation can be evened out