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Relative Clauses - Coggle Diagram
Relative Clauses
Relative pronouns/adverbs
who (people) as Subject and Object
Ex: My mother, who works as a teacher, teaches me Maths.
Whom (people) as Object
Ex: The girl whom I met yesterday turned out to be pop star.
which (things/ events/animals) as S and O
Ex: I like books which were written by To Hoai.
that (things / things+people) as S and O
Ex: The boy gave me the one that is in red.
whose (possession)
Ex: She is the girl whose book I borrowed.
why = for which (reason)
Ex: That is why I hate him.
when = on / at/ in which (time)
Ex: I will never forget the day I met my wife.
Where = on / at / in which (place)
Ex: The hotel where we stayed is morden.
Types
Defining Relative Clauses
Usage : definite for the indefinite nouns/ adverbs preceeding
Ex: The boy who sits next to me is clever.
Notes:
Relative pronouns as object can be omitted
Do not use any commas
Non-defining Relative clauses
Usage: adding information to a noun, the definite pronoun precedes it
Ex: Ha noi, which is the capital of Vietnam, has been enlarged recently.
Notes
Relative pronouns cannot be ommitted
Use commas
Do not use "that"
Reducing Relative Clauses
To Verbs
This is the only student to do the problem
only, last , next, ideal, anything , something…., first, second, third ..., best , smallest, most…
V-ing
Active
The man sitting next to you is my uncle.
P2
Passive
The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
NOTES
Antecedent nouns containing “all, only, last, next, first, second … , everything, everyone, anything, anyone…, the best, the tallness, the most intelligent …+ that.
Eg: Everything that can be done has been done.
"of" can be used before "whom, which" to refer to a quantity after numbers or words like: a few, several, some, any, many, much, most, all, none,, either, The smallest, the largest,, the smallest, half, a quarter, a neither number.
Eg: Both players, neither of whom reached the final, played well.
"which" is used to replace an entire clause
Eg: She married Joe, which surprised everyone.