IntersPecific RelationShips
Intraspecific relationships
What are interspecific relationships?
What are Intraspecific relationships?
Interspecific relationships are called the different types of interaction that usually take place between two or more individuals belonging to different species . These types of relationships occur within the framework of a given ecosystem and generally have to do with the satisfaction of the nutritional or other needs of at least one of the individuals involved.
Categories
Commensalism
Predation
Mutualism
Parasitism
Symbiosis
Competition
This type of relationship is beneficial for one of the two individuals involved (called a diner ), without this benefit causing any kind of damage or discomfort to the other body. This is well explained in the name of the term, which comes from the Latin cum mess , that is, “share the table.”
Unlike commensalism, in the case of mutualism the association between the two species is mutually beneficial , being useful to both diners. This often implies some degree of tolerance or explicit cooperation between them.
It is a very narrow degree of cooperation between species , so much so that both lead a joint life in intimate association, to the point of being often indiscernible from each other. This cooperation generally has benefits for both (or at least one) of the species.
Predation is a type of interspecific relationship that causes damage ( death ) to one of the two species involved , since the other feeds on it, destroying and consuming its tissues. The consuming species is called the predator or predator , and the consumed species is known as prey .
This interspecific relationship also causes harm to one of the two members involved, while benefiting the other . It is similar in that sense to predation, only that the damage is not massive and immediate, but slower and prolonged in time, to the extent that the parasitic species consumes fluids or tissues of the parasitized, which suffers the consequences.
The competition takes place when two species benefit from the same niche , feeding on their resources or obtaining some kind of well-being, but they cannot do so at the same time or in a peaceful way, so they must fight for access to the resource and deter some way to the other species to look for some other food source.
They are those that are carried out between members of the same species, in which they compete for the couple for reproduction, nutrients, water, light, space, nesting and breeding areas, among
others. There are two forms of this type of relationship which are competition and cooperation
Cooperation
Competition
It manifests itself as a social behavior, since the individuals involved belong to the
same species, therefore, they tolerate each other, which limits the number of organisms that live in a
given place, and compete for the same resources
There are two types of competition which are:
Hierarchy by dominance
Territoriality
It consists of the delimitation and defense of an exclusive territory or area that is not
going to be shared with rivals, it is carried out by males, females, couples or social groups.
It occurs in animals of the same species that live in social groups and
consists of the stratification of individuals according to the dominance or influence they exert on the
rest of the organisms
Cooperation is a modality of intraspecific relationships that includes the colony,
society, gregarious and family associations; They are characterized by mutual help between
organisms of the same species that make up the population.
Categories
Colony
Society
Gregarious
Family associations
It consists of the permanent and close union between organisms of the same species that
collaborate functionally, in which the individuals are physically united. They present division of
labor, so that organisms specialize in certain functions such as reproduction, defense, obtaining
food, etc.
They are groups formed by a large number of organisms of the same species, in which
they all live together, it is permanent and they maintain dependency relationships between them, they present a division of labor and a high degree of specialization that is manifested in
morphological differentiation and social ranking of group members.
They are made up of a large number of organisms of the same species, they are
occasional or temporary, with or without ties of kinship, which have common activities and come
together.
: It occurs between members of a family; it can be temporary or they can be
united for several generations. They have the purpose of grouping for learning and caring for the
young, protection, recognition of family members or to reproduce.