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Rocks, Volcanoes Etc - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population. Global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.9 billion in 2020.
- - - - Human (or anthropogenic) impact on the environment refers to changes to biophysical environments and to ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans.
        
        Loam-a soil with roughly equal proportions of sand, silt, and clay.
- - - - A Mineral Resource is a concentration or occurrence of solid material of economic interest in or on the Earth's crust in such form, grade or quality and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction.
- - - - A seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground noises and shaking such as caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. They are usually combined with a timing device and a recording device to form a seismograph.
        
        Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.
        
        Soil is the loose surface material that covers most land. It consists of inorganic particles and organic matter. Soil provides the structural support to plants used in agriculture and is also their source of water and nutrients.
        
        A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath.
        
        O-Horizon, the layer of loose leaves and organic debris at the surface of soil.
        
        The A horizon is the top layer of the mineral soil horizons, often referred to as 'topsoil'. This layer contains dark decomposed organic matter, which is called "humus".
        
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- - - - The focus is the place inside Earth's crust where an earthquake originates. The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. When energy is released at the focus, seismic waves travel outward from that point in all directions.
        
        Foreshock-A foreshock is an earthquake that occurs before a larger seismic event and is related to it in both time and space.
        
        A fossil is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
- - - - An environmental impact is defined as any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, resulting from a facility's activities, products, or services. In other words it is the effect that people's actions have on the environment.
        
        In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transports it to another location where it is deposited. Erosion is distinct from weathering which involves no movement.
- - - - pluton, body of intrusive igneous rock the size, composition, shape, or exact type of which is in doubt; when such characteristics are known, more limiting terms can be used. Thus, plutons include dikes, laccoliths, batholiths, sills, and other forms of intrusions.
        
        Mineral-a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence.
        
        A "mineral deposit" is a mineral occurrence of sufficient size and grade that it might, under the most favorable of circumstances, be considered to have economic potential.
- - - - Orogeny is the primary mechanism by which mountains are formed on continents. An orogeny is an event that takes place at a convergent plate margin when plate motion compresses the margin.
        
        "Pahoehoe" is a Hawaiian word used to describe a lava flow with a smooth, ropy surface. Pahoehoe flows advance slowly, with small amounts of lava squeezing out of a cooler crust.
        
        A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a warrior's shield lying on the ground. It is formed by the eruption of highly fluid lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows than the more viscous lava erupted from a stratovolcano.
        
        In geology, a sill is a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock.
        
        Where oceanic tectonic plates meet continental tectonic plates, subduction can happen, which is when one plate moves underneath the other plate. Subduction is what happens at a destructive plate boundary.
        
        Summit-the highest point of a hill or mountain.
        
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        Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock.
- - - - Evolution-the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.