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carbohydrates - Coggle Diagram
carbohydrates
polysaccharide
homo vs hetero
linear vs branched
glycogen
branched homopolysaccharide of glucose
monomers form alpha1-4 linked chains with branch points forming beta1-6 links
main storage polysaccharide in animals
starch
amylose
unbranched polymer of alpha1-4 links
amylopectin
branch points with alpha1-6 linkers
main storage polysaccharide in plants
cellulose
linear homopolysaccharide of glucose
monomers form beta1-4 linked chains
hydrogen bonds form between adjacent monomers
chitin
linear homopolysaccharide of N-acetylglucosamine forming beta1-4 linked chains
flexible and water insoluble
heparin and heparan sulfate
highest negative-charge density biomolecules
prevent blood clotting
regulate development and formation of blood vessels
bind to viruses and bacteria to decrease their virulence
glycoconjucates
glycoprotein
important in protein-protein recognition
glycolipid
determines blood groups in vertebrates
lipopolysaccharides cover peptidoglycan layer in gram-negative bacteria
proteoglycans
syndecans
protein has a single transmembrane domain
glypicans
protein is anchored to a lipid membrane
extracellular matrix
material outside of the cell
proteoglycan aggregates
collagen fibers
elastin
strength elasticity and physical barrier in tissues
transmit signals into the cell
cell growth
cell mobility
apoptosis
wound healing
enantiomers
d form l form
diastereomers
different physical properties
epimers
different at only one chiral center
produced by plants via photosynthesis