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Microvascular complications - Coggle Diagram
Microvascular complications
Definition
Long term complications that affect small blood vessels
Causes
Chronic hyperglycemia
Insulin resistance
Risk factors
High blood pressure
Progression of nephropathy
Age
Progression of retinopathy
Glycated hemoglobin
Serum triglycerides
Pathophysiology
The underlying pathological changes involved thickening of basement membrane, atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and atherosclerosis
This initially results in glomerular hyper filtration and subsequently progressive loss of renal function
Nursing intervention
Strictly monitor sugar levels and blood pressure
Encourage the patient to quit smoking tobacco
Advice a patient to monitor their diet and drink water in between meals.
Physical exercise is compulsory, they need to do it every day to promote insulin usage by the blood and to use the energy that's stored in the blood and cells
Monitor blood glucose levels before and after meals