Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Respiratory Control, 07 นศพต.เขม พรมมา 6439907992 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory Control
Sensors
-
-
-
Irritant receptirs
Stimulated by noxious gases, smoke, inhaled dusts and cold air
-
-
-
Reflex bronchoconstriction, hyperpnea
-
-
Integrated responses
sponse to carbon dioxide
Most of the stimulus comes from the central chemoreceptors, but the
peripheral chemoreceptors also contribute, and their response is faster.
-
Arterial Pco2 is the most important stimulus to ventilation under most
conditions and is normally tightly controlled
-
Response to oxygen
-
Hypoxic response curves. Note that when the Pco2 is 36 mm Hg, almost no
increase in ventilation occurs until the Po2 is reduced to about 60 mm Hg.
The control becomes important at high altitude and in long-term
hypoxemia caused by chronic lung disease.
Response to exercise
Cortex, impulses from limbs, increase temperature, resetting of CO2 reference level
-
-
Response to pH
Fall in pH with rise in PCO2 --> stimulate ventilation Metabolic acidosis have low pH, low
-
-
chemoreceptor (if the reduction is severe, central chemoreceptor may be stimulated)
Central Controller
Brain stem
The periodic nature of inspiration and Brain stem expiration is controlled by the central pattern generator that comprises groups of neurons located in the pons and medulla.
-
-
-
Cortex
Breathing is under voluntary control to a considerable extent, and the cortex can override
the function of the brainstem within limits.
-
-
Effectors
muscles of respiration include the
diaphragm, intercostal muscles,abdominal
muscles and accessory muscles such as the sternomastoids. Impulses are also sent to the nasopharyngeal muscles to maintain patency of the upper airways.
-
-