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(topic) Conformity with beauty standards, https://www.bradley…

- - - - Nell Irvin Painter notes that a lot of the things we consider beautiful are actually just proxies for wealth. Think of how much it costs to get cosmetic surgery, or braces, or even a facial. (Donnella)
        
        Obese women, old women, queer women, women of color and all the intersections get particularly scrutinized, even when they're trying to conform to beauty norms (Noliwe Rooks is a professor at Cornell University who teaches about the politics of race and beauty. ) (Donnella)
      - A recent large UK study suggested that tall men and slim women are relatively significantly better paid than those who are not. (MacCallum)
        
        TikTok moderators were told to suppress videos from users who appeared too ugly, poor or disabled (Hern)
        
        Beauty also plays a role in the workplace, with more attractive individuals often receiving preference for hiring, increased salary, and better performance evaluations. (Rajanala 1)
        
        better looking men and women receive higher salaries while there seems to be a pay penalty for bad looks. On average, this discrepancy yields around $230 000 more in income for a good‐looking person over his or her lifetime. (Rajanala add page)
        
        A 2015 study showed that women who underwent facial rejuvenation procedures were perceived as more attractive, likable, and social post‐procedure. (Rajanala add page)
    - - Airbrushing to remove imperfections, whiten teeth, elongate and narrow limbs, slim waists, increase breasts, is not only accepted but expected in the fashion and entertainment industries (MacCallum)
        
        Young adults spend approximately 1.14 hours per day on social media and over 6 minutes editing photographs before posting them. (Martel1)
        
        FaceTune, which was released in 2013 and promises to help you “wow your friends with every selfie,” enables even more precision. (Tolentino)
    - - Consequently, cosmetic surgery may be advertised as therapeutic since women validate their motive in undergoing these procedures as a way to increase their self-esteem as they elect to have the surgeries for themselves and not to please others or meet cultural standards (Merianos 2)
        
        In addition to gaining self-esteem, females have also described rewarding themselves with cosmetic procedures for different underlying motives or as well as a means to pamper themselves (Marianos 2)
        
        most surgeons prefer clients who undergo cosmetic procedures in order to feel good about themselves (Marianos 2)
        
        American society of Plastic surgeons
        2020 Top 5 Cosmetic Surgical Procedures
        
        Nose Reshaping (352,555)
        
        Eyelid Surgery (325,112)
        
        Facelift (234,374)
        
        Liposuction (211,067)
        
        Breast Augmentation (193,073)
        
        American society of Plastic surgeons
        15.6 Million Cosmetic Procedures
        $16.7 billion was spent on cosmetic procedures in the U.S.
        
        About 66% of patients reported that wanting to look more attractive for themselves was a key factor in pursuing cosmetic treatments, while 27% of patients wanted to look more attractive for others (Rajanala) (add page)
        
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  - - - Consequences of muscle dysmorphia include profound distress about having their bodies seen in public, impaired social and occupational functioning, and abuse of anabolic steroids and other drugs with disregard for their harmful consequences (Chatzopoulou 4)
- - - - Therefore, experiencing pressures to look physically attractive will lead them to engage in strategies such as dieting and excessive exercise in order to become more attractive (Vries, 3)
  - - - Health professionals should better examine the motivations for seeking elective surgeries in future studies. Vulnerable patients should be told the risks, benefits, alternative treatment options, and be shown what to expect to look like after the cosmetic procedure has been performed. (Marianos 11)
    - - To begin with, a lot of current Western beauty standards celebrate whiteness — not some objective, biological, evolutionary thing, but literally just being a white person. In fact, if you go back and look at the work of some early racial theorists — people like Christoph Meiners and Johann Blumenbach — they defined the category of "white," or "Caucasian," as being the most beautiful of the races.
      - Nell Irvin Painter notes that a lot of the things we consider beautiful are actually just proxies for wealth. Think of how much it costs to get cosmetic surgery, or braces, or even a facial.
  - - - it seems the Internet can increase risks of developing eating concerns and negative body image by providing constant easy access to images and information related to beauty ideals. (Prnjak 2)