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RUM 510 Cardio, image - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Vit E / Sel deficiency
    - - Ax
        
        Sudden move from low to high altitude -> alveolar hypoxia -> pulmonary hypertension -> RH failure
      - Dx
        
        US to rule out other causes of CHF
      - Tx (poor prognosis- death 3-4 w after oedema)
        
        Move to a lower altitude, reduce stress if noticed before CHF
        
        Can try to treat concurrent pulmonary disease but Salvage at earliest opportunity
  - - - Hypoproteinaemia
      - Parasitism
  - - - Pulmonary odema, dyspnoea, hyperpnoea, froth, open mouth breathing
    - - Dyspnoea (Fog Fever)
      - Organophosphate Poisoning
- - - - Weight loss
      - Poor production
    - - Rupture of chordae tendinae -> rapid death
  - - - Large doses of procaine penicillin (20 000-30 000 units/kg) daily, or antibiotic as selected from antibiogram, for at least 14 days (antibiogram not really possible in practice)
        
        Prolonged Tx, inform owner
- - - - blood loss exceeds 30% of total blood volume – ideally transfuse at least half the estimated loss
    - - a dose rate of 10-20ml/kg of recipient weight has been suggested
- - - - Cardiac: PM & typical cardiac lesions
      - Muscular: Elevated Creatinine kinase; low dietary and tissue Se and/or Vit E
    - - Sudden death after exercise, restrain or spontaneously
      - sudden onset dyspnoea, recumbency and severe weakness, in the absence of neurological dysfunction,
      - Tachycardia and tachypnoea may be observed.
    - - Risk factors
        
        rations with a low Vit E content (poor quality forage)
        
        Selenium deficient soils
        
        Rations with high polyunsaturated fatty acid content.
  - - - exophthalmos
      - melena
      - paresis
      - generalised lymphadenopathy,
  - - - Cx: Anorexia, tachycardia, dyspnoea, stiffness, weakness, diarrhoea, myoglobinuria
      - Tx: Activated charcoal, supportive fluids
      - Toxin: Rumensin
    - - Cx
        
        Neuro: Posterior paresis, hypersensitivity, stiff gait
        
        Respiratory: Polypnoea, dyspnoea, apnoea
        
        GIT: Diarrhoea, colic, ruemnstasis, bloat
        
        Acute: Cardiac signs
      - Tx: Activated charcoal: 2g/kg; KCl?, Atropine? Epanutin
      - Sheep & Goats
        
        typical stance and torticollis
        
        Chronic form with paretic syndrome
        
        acute cases: cardiac signs, bloat, diarrhoea and sudden death
      - Plants
    - - Sudden death several weeks after ingestion; death induced by exercise
      - Toxic Principle: Pavetamine
    - - Cx (Chronic)
        
        Poor growth & feed conversion: stunted, pot-belly
        
        pronounced cachexia & inanition
        
        Loss of appetite & weight
      - Tx
        
        High protein diet to bind gossypol in rumen
        
        Vit A
      - Dx
        
        Feed analysis, gossypol concentration
        
        Histopath: Heart and liver
    - - Sudden death, 4-24 hours after intake; death associated with exercise or drinking
      - Toxic Principle: Monofluroacetate
  - - - Bacterial
        
        Histophilus somni, (after septicaemia or bacteraemia)
        
        Clostridium chauvoei (myocardium are usually found dead with typical blackleg-like lesions in the myocardium )
      - Viral: FMD
- - - - Myocardial
        
        Tacchyarrhythmia
        
        Se deficiency
        
        Giflblaar, gousiekte, Cardioglycosides
        
        Bradyarrythmia
        
        IV Xylazine, Ca
        
        Infectious
        
        FMD
      - Endocardial
        
        Chordae tendineae rupture
    - - Cardiac tamponade
    - - Hypovolaemia
        
        True
        
        Whole blood
        
        Dehydration
        
        Relative
        
        Peripheral vasodilation
  - - - Respiratory distress, gasping before death
      - Pale MM
      - Staggering, falling, clonic convulsions
- - - - Death can be expected in 3-4 weeks once oedema becomes evident.
      - Poor Px if oedema is seen
- - - - CS
        
        Rapid weak pulse
        
        Oliguria, anuria
    - - Tamponade, hydropericardium...
    - - Endotoxic, anaphylactic neurological shock
        
        CS
        
        Dyspnoea
        
        Congested, cyanotic MM
        
        Recumbency, death
- - - - Bacterial localization: septicaemia, FB penetration, trauma to chest wall
    - - Later: CHF
        
        Weak, rapid peripheral pulse, increased HR
        
        Venous engorgement
        
        Muffled heart sounds, Splashing sound (gas)
      - Initial: Pain, abducted elbows, shift weight, grunting
    - - Acute onset anorexia, lowered milk, rumen stasis, depression
      - Tread front legs, positive withers pinch
    - - ⚠Pericardiocentesis - if significant fluid is suspected
      - Pathognomonic CS
      - US
      - PM
    - - Rumenotomy-> removal of FB -> ABx therapy
      - Pericardial fluid: drain with pericardiocentesis, lavage, ABx