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Secret police - Coggle Diagram
Secret police
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Post Stalin terror
mid 1970s- 10,000 political prisoners and 70,000 received political warnings
1960- criminal code tried to limit the power of the KGB but the state could still go after those who were anti-communist
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Political dissidents tried to hold the government accountable to their own laws and monitored the Helsinki accords
UN declaration on Human rights 1948- committed all members to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms for all
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Brezhnev- Record of court orders were smuggled to the West to use against Russia and court orders were made public to the people in Russia and internationally
Yagoda. Yezhov & Beria
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Yagoda saw the rapid expansion of the Gulags. A main achievement was the White Sea canal (cost th lives of around 10,000 men) and he had labour camps because of fears about the economy. The great purge started under him
Yezhov- like torture, gulags and surveillance. He personally tortured prisoners. Stationed many plain-clothes detectives and processed 231 prisoners a day
Beria- organised and effective, personally oversaw the death of Trotsky. Made Gulags more profitable
Dissident examples
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Andrei Sakharov- nuclear scientist. Was restricted from exchanging ideas with foreign colleagues, reading foreign papers and using foreign equipment. He wrote to Brezhnev in 1970 showing their anger at the system. He was banned from any further research
Roy Medvedev (historian) and his brother Zhores (scientist) complained about the restrictions on freedom as professionals- ability to work was restricted by the government
Religious dissidents- like Baptists and Catholics, both faced restrictions on their worship and religious practices- Catholic dissidents prominent in Baltic republics
a prominent group was the refuseniks, soviet jews who were denied their wish to emigrate to Israel
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Removal of opposition
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Bolsheviks won 168 seats, compared to the SR's 370
After just one day of the session in Jan 1918, Bolsheviks shut down the Constituent assembly