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Securing peace and overcoming walls - Coggle Diagram
Securing peace and overcoming walls
Ideological Roots in the 1950s
Brandt
speaks out in favour of detente &
peaceful co-existence
between E & W
Ostopolitik
secures
peace, cohesion of German Nation & reconciliation of Germans w/ Eastern neighbours
roots = initial years of Cold War which divided Germany -
1948
failed uprisings:
1953 EG , 1956 Hungary
→ communists can't be eliminated using violence
Brandt
→ west can contribute to overcoming Com system in East
1958
- Brandt calls on FRG to conduct
Ostopolitik
→ ↑ relations w/ SU & resumption w/ satellite states
Cohesion of the German Nation
Eastern part -
B
wants
exchanges
NOT
separation
struggles against Com SED regime in GDR under Ulbricht
advocates for
re-unification
as a
nation-state
→ achieved at international level & moving more into the future
mid-1950s
-
B
put preservation of national cohesion & distress caused by division at centre of his policy
Berlin crisis and construction of the Wall
Khrushchev Ultimatum
1958
→ Berlin crisis put detente policy in background
Brandt
goals - freedom, & viability of WB &
keep border open
Berlin Wall
1961
- border close & division indefinite
re-unification more distant
“Peaceful co-existence” and “change through rapprochement”
Brandt
→
policy of Peaceful co-existence
of detente and exchanges from east
→ secure peace & give changes in Com sphere of control
→ supported by
Bahr (closest advisor)
primary concern - relief for separated families
1963
- negotiate w/ GDR govern. → travel passes
(west can visit east over 1963/4 X-mas)
The Grand Coalition’ s Ostpolitik and policy on Germany
CDU & SPD endorse international detente & consider solution of German Issue in framework of European Peace Agreement
succeeds only w/ Romania
1967
remaining eastern bloc countries reject
rapprochement
w/ FRG
1968
-
Brandt
recognises
Oder-Neisse
as Western border for
Poland
- get
RAPPROCHEMENT POLICY out of deep-end
CDU → GDR is not a state, FRG represents Germany
Brandts
NPT
(Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty)
rejected by CDU
“New Ostpolitik” of the social-liberal coalition
1969
- only
SPD & FDP
break old taboos:
Don't deny GDR existence
Sign
NPT
Relinquish Bonns claim to representation of all Germans
Moscow Treaty
- frees way for further treaties w/
poland
1970
,
GDR
1972
,
Czech
1973
&
Four-powers agreement
1971 Berlin