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Otic drugs - Coggle Diagram
Otic drugs
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Indications
is indicated for local anesthesia in dentistry, minor trauma, and as preparation for infiltrative anesthesia and for topical anesthesia in a wide variety of conditions including skin irritation,oral pain and hemorrhoids (Benzocaine)
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Treat candidas,pharynx and fungal infection(clotrimazole)
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Contraindications
It is contraindicated to patients with pregnancy,breastfeeding and oncymosis (clotrimazole)
It is contraindicated with lower seizure threshold,low amount of Mg and K in the blood (cipro)
To abnormal heart rhythm,decreased lung function,seizures,metheglobinemia,anemia from pyruvate kinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency(benzocaine)
Severe liver and kidney function impairment,cardiovascular disease and hypertension(sinuend)
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Insufficiency of pituitary gland and hypothalamus,large open wound(pramoxine)
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Side effect
Redness,blisters,swelling and stinging (clotrimazole)
Headache,dizziness,weakness,swelling,dyspnoea,Tachycardia,bluish coloured skin and redness(benzocaine)
Pain and itching after using drops,sore throat,Irritability and headache(Ciprofloxacin)
Nausea and vomiting,headaches,dizziness,skin itching and diarrhea(ofloxacin)
Vomiting,Insomnia and increases rate of arrhymias(sinuend)
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Chest pains,anorexia,Nausea,palpation and neutopenia(azithromycin)
Irritability after using ear drops,swelling of lips and dyspnoea(acetic acid)
Mechanism of action
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Is absorbed rapidly from gastrointestinal tract with an oral bioavailability of approximately 37% peak concentration occur approximately after 2 to 3 hrs of
oral administration (azithromycin)
acts on DNA gyrase and toposiomerase IV, enzymes which, like human topoisomerase, prevents the excessive supercoiling of DNA during replication or transcription. By inhibiting their function, the drug thereby inhibits normal cell division (ofloxacin)
acts on bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV.12 Ciprofloxacin's targeting of the alpha subunits of DNA gyrase prevents it from supercoiling the bacterial DNA which prevents DNA replication (Ciprofloxacin)
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Benzocaine diffuses into nerve cells where it binds to sodium channels, preventing the channels from opening, and blocking the influx of sodium ions.Nerve cells unable to allow sodium into cells cannot depolarize and conduct nerve impulses.(Benzocaine)
It damages permeability barrier in the cell membrane of fungi. Clotrimazole causes inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, an essential constituent of fungal cell membranes(Clotrimazole)
Have analgesics,antipyretic,histamine and symphathomimetics(sinuend)
Route of administration
Ear and eye drops,oral and intravenous administration(Ciprofloxacin )
Ear and eye drops,oral and intravenous administration(Ofloxacin)
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Storage
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Protect from sunlight,below 25°C(azithromycin)
Store in a closed container at room temp,away from direct light,heat and moisture (benzocaine and ofloxacin)
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